CDN Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Dialysis 2

Question 1

Which acid-base disorder is most commonly observed in patients with end-stage renal disease prior to dialysis?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic acidosis

Answer

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer

Respiratory acidosis

Answer

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 2

What interdialytic weight gain is generally considered the maximum acceptable limit for a hemodialysis patient?

Accepted Answer

3–5% of dry body weight

Answer

1 kg

Answer

2 kg

Answer

8–10% of dry body weight

Question 3

Which sign/symptom is associated with hyponatremia in a dialysis patient?

Accepted Answer

Confusion, seizures, and muscle weakness

Answer

Dry mucous membranes and thirst

Answer

Hypertension and bradycardia

Answer

Periorbital edema only

Question 4

A dialysis patient develops peaked T-waves and widened QRS on ECG. Which electrolyte abnormality is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hypokalemia

Answer

Hypocalcemia

Answer

Hypermagnesemia

Question 5

What role does aluminum toxicity play in dialysis patients?

Accepted Answer

Leads to adynamic bone disease and encephalopathy

Answer

Causes hyperkalemia

Answer

Causes hyperphosphatemia

Answer

Increases erythropoietin resistance by raising hemoglobin

Question 6

Which dietary restriction is most important for ESRD patients between hemodialysis sessions to prevent life-threatening complications?

Accepted Answer

Restrict potassium and phosphorus intake

Answer

Limit protein to 20 g/day

Answer

Avoid all sodium

Answer

Restrict dietary fat