CDN Dialysis Complications and Emergency Management 2

Question 1

What is the most common cause of intradialytic hypotension?

Accepted Answer

Ultrafiltration rate exceeding plasma refilling rate

Answer

Dialysate sodium that is too low

Answer

High dialysate temperature

Answer

Dialyzer membrane incompatibility

Question 2

Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely to cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias in a dialysis patient?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hyponatremia

Answer

Hyperphosphatemia

Answer

Hypercalcemia

Question 3

A patient develops fever and shaking chills approximately 45 minutes into hemodialysis. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Pyrogenic reaction from contaminated dialysate or equipment

Answer

Type A hypersensitivity reaction

Answer

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome

Answer

Hemolysis due to overheated dialysate

Question 4

When treating intradialytic hypotension, which intervention should be performed first?

Accepted Answer

Place patient in Trendelenburg position and reduce ultrafiltration

Answer

Administer 0.9% normal saline bolus

Answer

Increase dialysate sodium concentration

Answer

Administer midodrine

Question 5

Which dialysis complication is specifically associated with inadequate bicarbonate delivery in the dialysate?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic acidosis

Answer

Muscle cramps

Answer

Dialyzer membrane rupture

Answer

Hypercalcemia

Question 6

A patient reports painful leg and foot cramps during the last hour of hemodialysis. What is the most appropriate initial intervention?

Accepted Answer

Reduce blood flow rate and administer hypertonic saline or glucose

Answer

Administer IV calcium gluconate

Answer

Discontinue dialysis immediately

Answer

Increase ultrafiltration rate to clear cramp-causing toxins