CDN Complications and Emergency Management

Question 1

What is the most common acute complication during hemodialysis?

Accepted Answer

Hypotension

Answer

Air embolism

Answer

Dialyzer reaction

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Question 2

A dialysis patient suddenly develops chest pain, dyspnea, cyanosis, and frothy pink sputum during treatment. What complication should be suspected?

Accepted Answer

Acute pulmonary edema

Answer

Dialyzer clotting

Answer

Air embolism

Answer

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome

Question 3

What is the immediate treatment for intradialytic hypotension?

Accepted Answer

Place the patient in Trendelenburg position, reduce or stop ultrafiltration, and give a normal saline bolus

Answer

Administer sublingual nitroglycerin

Answer

Increase the blood pump speed

Answer

Stop dialysis and transfer to the emergency department

Question 4

Which electrolyte abnormality is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in hemodialysis patients between treatments?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hyponatremia

Answer

Hypocalcemia

Answer

Hyperphosphatemia

Question 5

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is most likely to occur in which clinical scenario?

Accepted Answer

New patient receiving first aggressive hemodialysis treatment with high BUN

Answer

Experienced patient undergoing routine treatment

Answer

Patient with well-controlled uremia receiving maintenance dialysis

Answer

Patient receiving slow continuous renal replacement therapy

Question 6

What is the emergency treatment for suspected air embolism during hemodialysis?

Accepted Answer

Immediately clamp venous line, stop blood pump, place patient in left lateral Trendelenburg position, and call for emergency help

Answer

Administer heparin IV and continue dialysis

Answer

Increase blood flow to flush air through system quickly

Answer

Administer oxygen and reduce ultrafiltration rate