Nutritional Science & Dietetics Flashcards

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Answer: To provide energy

Carbohydrates are the body's primary and most readily available source of energy. They are broken down into glucose, which cells use to produce ATP, fueling all metabolic processes and physical activities. This makes them essential for daily bodily functions.

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the body?

Answer: Supporting enzyme and hormone production

Proteins are fundamental building blocks for a vast array of essential molecules in the body. They are crucial for synthesizing enzymes, which catalyze nearly all biochemical reactions, and many hormones, which regulate various physiological processes. Proteins also play vital roles in structural support, transport, and immune function.

What role do vitamins play in metabolism?

Answer: They help enzymes perform metabolic functions

Vitamins do not provide energy directly but act as coenzymes or cofactors, assisting enzymes in performing their metabolic functions. They are crucial for facilitating biochemical reactions involved in energy production, nutrient utilization, and overall cellular health. Without adequate vitamins, metabolic processes would be severely impaired.

How do lipids contribute to metabolism?

Answer: They store energy, form cell membranes, and produce hormones

Lipids are vital for several metabolic functions, including serving as a concentrated, long-term energy storage. They are also integral components of cell membranes, providing structural integrity and regulating substance passage. Furthermore, lipids are precursors for the synthesis of essential hormones, such as steroid hormones.

What is the role of water in metabolism?

Answer: It regulates body temperature and aids digestion

Water is indispensable for countless metabolic reactions, acting as a solvent and transport medium for nutrients and waste products throughout the body. It also plays a critical role in thermoregulation, helping to maintain a stable body temperature, and is essential for the proper digestion and absorption of food.

Which metabolic pathway produces ATP in cells?

Answer: Cellular respiration

Cellular respiration is the primary metabolic pathway by which cells break down glucose and other fuel molecules to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the main energy currency of the cell, powering virtually all cellular activities, from muscle contraction to active transport.

How does the body regulate blood sugar levels?

Answer: By secreting insulin and glucagon to regulate levels

The body maintains blood sugar homeostasis primarily through the hormones insulin and glucagon, secreted by the pancreas. Insulin lowers high blood sugar by promoting glucose uptake into cells, while glucagon raises low blood sugar by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose, ensuring stable energy supply.

What is the purpose of fiber in digestion?

Answer: To regulate digestion and prevent constipation

Dietary fiber, though not digestible by human enzymes, adds bulk to stool, which helps to regulate bowel movements and prevent constipation. It facilitates the smooth passage of waste through the digestive tract, contributing to overall gut health and regularity.

Which macronutrient is the body's primary source of quick energy?

Answer: Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are the body's most readily available and preferred source of quick energy. They are rapidly broken down into glucose, which cells use immediately for fuel, making them ideal for meeting immediate energy demands during physical activity and daily functions.