Complications Flashcards
7 cards from real CDE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Complications flashcards as text
A diabetic patient undergoes a below-knee amputation. What is the most common precipitating factor leading to lower-extremity amputation in diabetes?
Answer: Infected foot ulcer with osteomyelitis
The most common pathway to lower-extremity amputation in diabetes is an infected foot ulcer complicated by osteomyelitis or gangrene.
Which test is recommended to assess for microalbuminuria in diabetes screening?
Answer: Spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)
The spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) is the preferred screening test for early diabetic kidney disease due to convenience and accuracy.
What defines the transition from microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria in diabetic nephropathy?
Answer: UACR > 300 mg/g on two of three samples
Macroalbuminuria (overt nephropathy) is defined as UACR >300 mg/g (or >300 mg albumin/24 hours) confirmed on two of three samples.
A patient with diabetes reports sudden onset of double vision and ptosis of one eye with the pupil spared. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Diabetic cranial mononeuropathy (CN III palsy)
Diabetic cranial nerve III palsy causes sudden diplopia and ptosis with pupil sparing, distinguishing it from an aneurysmal CN III palsy.
Which intervention has the strongest evidence for preventing progression from microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes?
Answer: Intensive glycemic control and blood pressure management with ACE inhibitors
Intensive glucose control combined with blood pressure management using ACE inhibitors or ARBs is the most evidence-based intervention to slow nephropathy progression.
A patient with type 2 diabetes presents with painless jaundice and clay-colored stools. Which diabetes-related complication should be considered?
Answer: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progressing to cirrhosis
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes and can progress to cirrhosis, presenting with jaundice and biliary obstruction.
A 65-year-old with type 2 diabetes has been identified as high-risk for foot ulceration. Which intervention is the MOST important component of preventive foot care?
Answer: Daily foot inspection and appropriate therapeutic footwear
Daily self-inspection for skin breakdown and properly fitted therapeutic footwear are the cornerstone of preventive diabetic foot care.
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