CDCES Pharmacology Fundamentals 3

Question 1

A patient with type 1 diabetes asks about the 'honeymoon phase.' Which pharmacological adjustment is typically needed during this period?

Accepted Answer

Reducing insulin doses as residual beta-cell function temporarily returns

Answer

Increasing insulin doses due to increased needs

Answer

Switching from basal-bolus to premixed insulin

Answer

Adding metformin to reduce insulin requirements

Question 2

Which cardiovascular benefit is specifically associated with empagliflozin and liraglutide based on landmark clinical trials?

Accepted Answer

Reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and heart failure hospitalization

Answer

Reduced stroke risk only

Answer

Reduced atrial fibrillation

Answer

Improved lipid profiles without CV event reduction

Question 3

A patient taking insulin experiences the Somogyi effect. What is the best description of this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Rebound hyperglycemia following nocturnal hypoglycemia

Answer

Morning hyperglycemia due to growth hormone release at dawn

Answer

Insulin resistance due to antibody formation

Answer

Hyperglycemia caused by missed evening insulin dose

Question 4

Which characteristic distinguishes rapid-acting insulin analogs from regular human insulin?

Accepted Answer

Faster onset allowing injection at mealtime rather than 30 minutes before

Answer

Longer duration of action

Answer

Lower risk of hypoglycemia between meals

Answer

No need for refrigeration

Question 5

A CDCES is educating a patient about pramlintide. This amylin analog is approved for use in which patients?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients

Answer

Type 2 diabetes on oral agents only

Answer

Type 2 diabetes with renal impairment

Answer

Prediabetes to prevent progression

Question 6

Which medication class requires monitoring for urinary tract infections and genital mycotic infections as common adverse effects?

Accepted Answer

SGLT-2 inhibitors

Answer

Sulfonylureas

Answer

GLP-1 receptor agonists

Answer

DPP-4 inhibitors

Question 7

What is the mechanism of action of bromocriptine (Cycloset) in treating type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Resets circadian rhythm-related hypothalamic dopamine activity to improve insulin sensitivity

Answer

Stimulates insulin secretion from beta cells

Answer

Inhibits hepatic glucose production

Answer

Blocks glucagon release from alpha cells