CDCES Chronic Complications: Screening and Prevention

Question 1

What is the most common form of diabetic neuropathy?

Accepted Answer

Distal symmetric polyneuropathy

Answer

Distal symmetric polyneuropathy is the most common form. It typically starts with sensory loss in a stocking-and-glove pattern in the feet and legs and raises the risk of foot ulcers and amputation.

Question 2

A person with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes should have an initial dilated eye exam at which time?

Accepted Answer

At the time of diagnosis

Answer

Type 2 diabetes may be present for years before it is diagnosed, so retinopathy can already exist. A dilated eye exam is recommended at diagnosis. For type 1 diabetes, the first exam is within 5 years of diagnosis.

Question 3

Which pair of tests is recommended at least annually to screen for diabetic kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated GFR

Answer

ADA recommends annual assessment of UACR and eGFR. Albuminuria is usually defined as a UACR of 30 mg/g or higher, confirmed on repeat testing. Early detection allows treatment such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, SGLT2 inhibitors and BP control.

Question 4

Which test is part of the annual comprehensive foot exam to identify loss of protective sensation?

Accepted Answer

10-g monofilament testing

Answer

The 10-g monofilament test, combined with another sensory assessment such as pinprick, temperature, vibration with a 128-Hz tuning fork, or ankle reflexes, detects loss of protective sensation. This identifies people at high risk for ulceration.

Question 5

What is the generally recommended blood pressure goal for most adults with diabetes and hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Below 130/80 mmHg

Answer

ADA recommends a BP goal below 130/80 mmHg for most people with diabetes if it can be reached safely. This reduces the risk of cardiovascular events and slows progression of nephropathy and retinopathy.

(CDCES) Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist Practice Test

(CDCES) Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist Practice Test

CDCES Chronic Complications: Screening and Prevention