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Chronic Complications: Screening and Prevention Flashcards

6 cards from real CDCES practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 6 Chronic Complications: Screening and Prevention flashcards as text

  1. A person with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes should have an initial dilated eye exam at which time?

    Answer: At the time of diagnosis

    Type 2 diabetes may be present for years before it is diagnosed, so retinopathy can already exist. A dilated eye exam is recommended at diagnosis. For type 1 diabetes, the first exam is within 5 years of diagnosis.

  2. Which pair of tests is recommended at least annually to screen for diabetic kidney disease?

    Answer: Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated GFR

    ADA recommends annual assessment of UACR and eGFR. Albuminuria is usually defined as a UACR of 30 mg/g or higher, confirmed on repeat testing. Early detection allows treatment such as ACE inhibitors, ARBs, SGLT2 inhibitors and BP control.

  3. Which test is part of the annual comprehensive foot exam to identify loss of protective sensation?

    Answer: 10-g monofilament testing

    The 10-g monofilament test, combined with another sensory assessment such as pinprick, temperature, vibration with a 128-Hz tuning fork, or ankle reflexes, detects loss of protective sensation. This identifies people at high risk for ulceration.

  4. What is the most common form of diabetic neuropathy?

    Answer: Distal symmetric polyneuropathy

    Distal symmetric polyneuropathy is the most common form. It typically starts with sensory loss in a stocking-and-glove pattern in the feet and legs and raises the risk of foot ulcers and amputation.

  5. What is the generally recommended blood pressure goal for most adults with diabetes and hypertension?

    Answer: Below 130/80 mmHg

    ADA recommends a BP goal below 130/80 mmHg for most people with diabetes if it can be reached safely. This reduces the risk of cardiovascular events and slows progression of nephropathy and retinopathy.

  6. An adult with type 2 diabetes has established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and an A1C of 6.8%. What does the ADA recommend regarding glucose-lowering therapy?

    Answer: Use an agent with proven cardiovascular benefit (GLP-1 RA or SGLT2 inhibitor) independent of A1C

    For people with established ASCVD, heart failure or CKD, a GLP-1 receptor agonist or SGLT2 inhibitor with proven cardiovascular benefit is recommended regardless of A1C. The reasoning is organ protection, not glucose lowering alone.

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