Cardiovascular Treatment Procedures Flashcards
7 cards from real CCS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Cardiovascular Treatment Procedures flashcards as text
Which complication is most feared immediately following carotid artery stenting (CAS)?
Answer: Cerebral embolization causing stroke
Embolic stroke from plaque or thrombus dislodged during carotid stenting is the most serious procedural risk, which is why embolic protection devices are routinely used.
In cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), the third lead is typically placed in the:
Answer: Coronary sinus to pace the left ventricle
The LV pacing lead is advanced through the coronary sinus into a lateral or posterolateral cardiac vein to resynchronize the left ventricle.
A patient with a patent foramen ovale (PFO) and cryptogenic stroke is referred for closure. Which device is most commonly used for transcatheter PFO closure?
Answer: Amplatzer Septal Occluder or GORE CARDIOFORM device
Double-disk occluder devices such as the Amplatzer PFO Occluder or GORE CARDIOFORM are the standard percutaneous tools for closing PFOs.
What is the mechanism of action of ticagrelor compared to clopidogrel in antiplatelet therapy post-PCI?
Answer: Ticagrelor reversibly binds P2Y12 without requiring hepatic activation; clopidogrel is a prodrug requiring CYP2C19
Ticagrelor directly and reversibly inhibits P2Y12 without hepatic conversion, providing faster and more consistent platelet inhibition than clopidogrel, which is a prodrug.
Rotational atherectomy is best suited for which type of coronary lesion before stenting?
Answer: Heavily calcified coronary stenoses
The rotating diamond-tipped burr of a rotablator ablates calcified plaque, modifying the lesion to allow adequate balloon expansion and stent delivery.
A patient develops contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) risk factors prior to coronary angiography. The most evidence-based preventive strategy is:
Answer: IV isotonic saline hydration before and after the procedure
Adequate IV isotonic saline hydration before and after contrast administration remains the most consistently effective strategy to reduce CIN risk.
Which parameter measured during right heart catheterization best reflects left ventricular filling pressure?
Answer: Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)
PCWP obtained by wedging a balloon-tipped catheter in a pulmonary artery branch reflects left atrial and therefore LV end-diastolic pressure.