CCS CCS Hemodynamics & Cardiac Monitoring 3

Question 1

ST-segment elevation in leads V1–V4 is most consistent with occlusion of which coronary artery?

Accepted Answer

Left anterior descending artery (LAD)

Answer

The LAD supplies the anterior wall and septum; occlusion causes ST elevation in precordial leads V1–V4, the hallmark of an anterior STEMI.

Question 2

Frank-Starling law of the heart states that cardiac output increases when:

Accepted Answer

Ventricular end-diastolic volume increases (within limits)

Answer

The Frank-Starling law states that increased ventricular filling (preload) stretches myocardial fibers, resulting in greater force of contraction and higher stroke volume.

Question 3

In continuous cardiac monitoring, a widened QRS complex greater than 120 ms (3 small boxes) typically indicates:

Accepted Answer

Ventricular conduction abnormality such as bundle branch block

Answer

A QRS duration >120 ms indicates delayed ventricular conduction, as seen in right or left bundle branch block or ventricular pacing.

Question 4

Central venous pressure (CVP) is most accurately measured with the patient in which position?

Accepted Answer

Supine or head-of-bed at 30–45 degrees with transducer at the phlebostatic axis

Answer

CVP is most accurately measured with the patient supine or at 30–45° HOB elevation with the pressure transducer zeroed at the phlebostatic axis (4th intercostal space, mid-axillary line).

Question 5

Which rhythm is characterized by no discernible P waves, an irregularly irregular ventricular response, and fibrillatory baseline activity?

Accepted Answer

Atrial fibrillation

Answer

Atrial fibrillation shows absent organized P waves replaced by chaotic fibrillatory waves and an irregularly irregular ventricular rate.

(CCS) Certified Cardiovascular Specialist Practice Test

(CCS) Certified Cardiovascular Specialist Practice Test

CCS CCS Hemodynamics & Cardiac Monitoring 3