CCS CCS Hemodynamics & Cardiac Monitoring 3

Question 1

ST-segment elevation in leads V1–V4 is most consistent with occlusion of which coronary artery?

Accepted Answer

Left anterior descending artery (LAD)

Answer

Right coronary artery (RCA)

Answer

Left circumflex artery (LCx)

Answer

Posterior descending artery (PDA)

Question 2

Frank-Starling law of the heart states that cardiac output increases when:

Accepted Answer

Ventricular end-diastolic volume increases (within limits)

Answer

Afterload increases

Answer

Heart rate decreases

Answer

Contractility decreases

Question 3

In continuous cardiac monitoring, a widened QRS complex greater than 120 ms (3 small boxes) typically indicates:

Accepted Answer

Ventricular conduction abnormality such as bundle branch block

Answer

First-degree AV block

Answer

Atrial flutter

Answer

Sinus arrhythmia

Question 4

Central venous pressure (CVP) is most accurately measured with the patient in which position?

Accepted Answer

Supine or head-of-bed at 30–45 degrees with transducer at the phlebostatic axis

Answer

Sitting upright at 90 degrees

Answer

Left lateral decubitus

Answer

Prone position

Question 5

Which rhythm is characterized by no discernible P waves, an irregularly irregular ventricular response, and fibrillatory baseline activity?

Accepted Answer

Atrial fibrillation

Answer

Atrial flutter

Answer

Multifocal atrial tachycardia

Answer

Ventricular fibrillation

Question 6

Afterload refers to which hemodynamic concept?

Accepted Answer

The resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood during systole

Answer

The volume of blood in the ventricle at end-diastole

Answer

The intrinsic contractile strength of the myocardium

Answer

The heart rate at rest