CCS CCS Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Perfusion Management 1

Question 1

What is the primary purpose of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during cardiac surgery?

Accepted Answer

To temporarily take over heart and lung function allowing a bloodless operative field

Answer

CPB temporarily assumes the functions of the heart and lungs, providing oxygenated blood to the body while the surgeon operates on a still, decompressed heart.

Question 2

Cardioplegia solution is used intraoperatively primarily to achieve which goal?

Accepted Answer

Arrest and protect the heart during aortic cross-clamping

Answer

Cardioplegia causes diastolic cardiac arrest and reduces myocardial oxygen demand, protecting the heart during the ischemic cross-clamp period.

Question 3

The standard target activated clotting time (ACT) for full anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass is greater than how many seconds?

Accepted Answer

300 seconds

Answer

An ACT greater than 300 seconds (often targeted >480 seconds at some centers) is required to prevent clot formation in the CPB circuit.

Question 4

Which drug is the primary anticoagulant used during cardiopulmonary bypass?

Accepted Answer

Heparin

Answer

Unfractionated heparin is used for anticoagulation during CPB because it is rapidly reversible with protamine sulfate after bypass.

Question 5

What is the typical target mean arterial pressure (MAP) maintained during cardiopulmonary bypass?

Accepted Answer

50–80 mmHg

Answer

A MAP of 50–80 mmHg is targeted during CPB to ensure adequate cerebral and end-organ perfusion while minimizing hemodilution effects.

CCS - Certified Cardiac Surgeon Practice Test

CCS - Certified Cardiac Surgeon Practice Test

CCS CCS Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Perfusion Management 1