Nutrition and Diet Therapy Flashcards

Which macronutrient provides 4 calories per gram and is the body's preferred source of energy?

Answer: Carbohydrate

Carbohydrates provide 4 calories per gram and are the body's primary and preferred energy source.

A patient is placed on a clear liquid diet. Which of the following foods is allowed?

Answer: Gelatin (Jell-O)

Clear liquid diets include foods that are transparent and liquid at room temperature, such as gelatin, broth, and clear juices without pulp.

Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption and is often called the 'sunshine vitamin'?

Answer: Vitamin D

Vitamin D is synthesized by the skin upon sun exposure and is required for the intestinal absorption of calcium.

A patient with iron-deficiency anemia should be counseled to consume which of the following to enhance iron absorption?

Answer: Vitamin C-rich foods

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) converts iron to its ferrous form, significantly enhancing non-heme iron absorption from plant sources.

Which dietary approach is most appropriate for a patient diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Consistent carbohydrate diet with controlled portions

A consistent carbohydrate diet with controlled portions helps stabilize blood glucose levels in patients with Type 2 diabetes.

The Body Mass Index (BMI) for an adult patient is 32. How would this be classified?

Answer: Obese

A BMI of 30 or above is classified as obese; a BMI of 32 falls within the obese category (Class I obesity).

Which mineral is critical for thyroid hormone synthesis and is added to table salt to prevent deficiency?

Answer: Iodine

Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones T3 and T4; iodized salt was introduced to prevent iodine deficiency disorders.