CCAT Syllogisms and Deductions 4

Question 1

All managers are employees. Some employees are part-time workers. Which conclusion must be true?

Accepted Answer

Some employees are managers

Answer

Since all managers are employees, it follows that some employees (namely the managers) are managers.

Question 2

No reptiles are warm-blooded. All snakes are reptiles. Which of the following must be true?

Accepted Answer

No snakes are warm-blooded

Answer

Since no reptiles are warm-blooded and all snakes are reptiles, no snakes can be warm-blooded.

Question 3

All A are B. No B are C. Therefore:

Accepted Answer

No A are C

Answer

Since all A fall within B, and no B are C, no A can be C.

Question 4

Some doctors are researchers. All researchers publish papers. Which conclusion is valid?

Accepted Answer

Some doctors publish papers

Answer

The doctors who are also researchers must publish papers, so some doctors publish papers.

Question 5

Every student who passed the exam studied hard. Maria did not study hard. What can you conclude?

Accepted Answer

Maria did not pass the exam

Answer

By contrapositive, if someone did not study hard, they did not pass the exam.

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