CCAT Syllogisms and Deductions 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: All managers are employees. Some employees are part-time workers. Which conclusion must be true?
- All managers are part-time workers
- Some managers are part-time workers
- No managers are part-time workers
- Some employees are managers (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Some employees are managers
Since all managers are employees, it follows that some employees (namely the managers) are managers.
Question 2: No reptiles are warm-blooded. All snakes are reptiles. Which of the following must be true?
- Some warm-blooded animals are snakes
- No snakes are warm-blooded (Correct answer)
- All warm-blooded animals are reptiles
- Some reptiles are snakes
Correct answer: No snakes are warm-blooded
Since no reptiles are warm-blooded and all snakes are reptiles, no snakes can be warm-blooded.
Question 3: All A are B. No B are C. Therefore:
- Some A are C
- All C are A
- No A are C (Correct answer)
- Some B are A
Correct answer: No A are C
Since all A fall within B, and no B are C, no A can be C.
Question 4: Some doctors are researchers. All researchers publish papers. Which conclusion is valid?
- All doctors publish papers
- Some doctors publish papers (Correct answer)
- No doctors publish papers
- All researchers are doctors
Correct answer: Some doctors publish papers
The doctors who are also researchers must publish papers, so some doctors publish papers.
Question 5: Every student who passed the exam studied hard. Maria did not study hard. What can you conclude?
- Maria passed the exam
- Maria did not pass the exam (Correct answer)
- Maria studied but didn't pass
- No conclusion can be drawn
Correct answer: Maria did not pass the exam
By contrapositive, if someone did not study hard, they did not pass the exam.
Question 6: All red fruits are sweet. Some apples are red fruits. Therefore:
- All apples are sweet
- Some apples are sweet (Correct answer)
- No apples are sweet
- All sweet things are apples
Correct answer: Some apples are sweet
The apples that are red fruits must be sweet, so some apples are sweet.
Question 7: No fish can survive on land. Salmon is a fish. A salmon was found on land. What must be true?
- Some fish can survive on land
- The salmon survived on land
- The salmon cannot survive on land (Correct answer)
- The premise about fish is false
Correct answer: The salmon cannot survive on land
The premise states no fish can survive on land; being found on land doesn't change this — the salmon cannot survive there.
CCAT Syllogisms and Deductions 4
All managers are employees.
Some employees are part-time workers.
Which conclusion must be true?