History Flashcards

Head Start, originally launched in the summer of 1965 as a short-term experiment, was administered under which federal structure?

Answer: Office of Economic Opportunity as part of the War on Poverty

Head Start began as an OEO program in summer 1965 before later being transferred to the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

The CSBG Act of 1981 included a mandatory tripartite board structure for CAAs. The three sectors represented are:

Answer: Low-income community members, elected officials, and private sector/civic groups

The tripartite board requires one-third representation each from low-income community members, public officials, and private sector/civic organizations.

Which legislative act passed in 1994 reauthorized CSBG and formally codified many community action standards and organizational requirements?

Answer: Coats Human Services Reauthorization Act

The Coats Human Services Reauthorization Act of 1994 reauthorized CSBG and strengthened accountability and organizational standards for CAAs.

The concept of 'interlocking causes of poverty' that CAAs address stems from which foundational War on Poverty principle?

Answer: The 'Cycle of Poverty' framework identifying multiple reinforcing barriers

The cycle of poverty framework recognized that housing, healthcare, education, employment, and other barriers reinforce each other, requiring comprehensive community action.

ROMA (Results Oriented Management and Accountability) was developed for the CAA network primarily during which decade?

Answer: 1990s

ROMA was developed in the 1990s as a performance management system to help CAAs demonstrate outcomes and accountability to funders.

The War on Poverty programs of the 1960s were influenced by which social science research that documented poverty's persistence despite economic growth?

Answer: Michael Harrington's 'The Other America' (1962)

Michael Harrington's 'The Other America' documented widespread 'invisible poverty' and directly influenced the Kennedy and Johnson administrations' anti-poverty strategy.

In the historical development of community action, 'categorical grants' used before CSBG differed from block grants in that they:

Answer: Required funds to be spent on specific defined program activities

Categorical grants designated funds for specific purposes (e.g., job training, energy assistance), while block grants give recipients broader spending discretion.