Random Flashcards

Examples of offensive/hygiene trash that may be transported to energy from waste facilities for energy recovery include:

Answer: Stoma or catheter bags - Waste Management in Health, Social, and Personal Care -RCN.

Offensive/hygiene waste includes non-infectious waste that may be unpleasant but poses no risk of infection. Stoma or catheter bags, while containing bodily fluids, are typically classified as offensive waste when not infectious, and can be safely disposed of via energy-from-waste facilities for energy recovery. Other options like sharps or cytotoxic medicines require specialized hazardous waste disposal due to their inherent risks.

The patient typically urinates at night. Nurse recognizes this as:

Answer: Nocturia

Nocturia is the medical term for the symptom of waking up one or more times during the night specifically to urinate. It is a common condition that can be caused by various factors, including age, fluid intake patterns, and underlying medical conditions. In contrast, polyuria refers to excessive urination throughout the day and night, while oliguria describes decreased urine output.

A risk of malnutrition of 2 or greater indicates:

Answer: Malnutrition is high risk.

Many malnutrition screening tools, such as the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), use a scoring system to assess risk. A score of 2 or greater typically indicates a high risk of malnutrition, requiring immediate and comprehensive nutritional assessment and intervention. This threshold helps healthcare professionals prioritize care for those most vulnerable to malnutrition's adverse effects.

Except for the following indications and symptoms of ectopic pregnancy:

Answer: Protein excretion is greater than 2 g/day.

Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tube. Common symptoms include a positive pregnancy test, vaginal bleeding (which can be cervical), and shoulder tip pain (referred pain from diaphragmatic irritation due to internal bleeding). Protein excretion greater than 2 g/day, however, is a sign of significant proteinuria, typically associated with kidney disease or pre-eclampsia, not ectopic pregnancy.

It is recommended to apply an alcohol-based hand massage to decontaminate hands before and after direct patient contact and clinical care when:

Answer: Immediately after coming into contact with bodily fluids, mucous membranes, or non-intact skin.

Alcohol-based hand rubs are effective for decontaminating hands when they are not visibly soiled, particularly before and after direct patient contact and after contact with bodily fluids, mucous membranes, or non-intact skin. However, for visibly dirty hands or when caring for patients with C. difficile (which alcohol rubs are ineffective against), thorough handwashing with soap and water is mandatory.

What drugs are most likely to increase the risk of falling?

Answer: Hypnotics

Hypnotics, which are medications primarily used to induce sleep, significantly increase the risk of falls, especially in older adults. They can cause drowsiness, dizziness, impaired balance, and reduced cognitive function, all of which compromise stability and increase the likelihood of accidental falls. While other medications can contribute, hypnotics are particularly implicated due to their profound sedative effects.

The following are the causes of diarrhoea in Clostridium Difficile:

Answer: Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) is an acute, exudative colitis caused by the bacterium Clostridium difficile. Other bacteria can rarely cause PMC.

Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection is a common cause of infectious diarrhea, particularly in healthcare settings, often following antibiotic use. The bacteria produce toxins that lead to severe inflammation of the colon, resulting in pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). PMC is the direct pathological consequence of C. diff infection, characterized by severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever.

What symptoms do you anticipate from a fluid volume deficit?

Answer: High Pulse, low BP

Fluid volume deficit, also known as hypovolemia, leads to a decreased circulating blood volume. The body compensates for this reduction by increasing the heart rate (tachycardia) to maintain cardiac output, while blood pressure typically drops (hypotension) due to the reduced volume. This combination of a high pulse and low blood pressure is a classic physiological response to dehydration or significant fluid loss.

What sort of wound requires a wound care management plan?

Answer: Any type of wound

Every wound, regardless of its type, complexity, or infection status, requires a systematic wound care management plan. This comprehensive plan ensures appropriate assessment, cleaning, dressing, monitoring, and evaluation of the wound's healing progress. A well-structured plan is crucial for optimizing healing, preventing complications, and achieving the best possible patient outcomes.

When does wound propagation begin?

Answer: 3-24 days

This question likely refers to the proliferative phase of wound healing, which typically follows the initial inflammatory phase. During the proliferative phase, new tissue is built, characterized by the formation of granulation tissue, angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation), and epithelialization. This crucial stage generally begins around 3-5 days after injury and can continue for several weeks, often up to 24 days or more, depending on the wound's size and depth.

What should you not do when caring for a C.diff patient?

Answer: The use of hand gel and alcohol rub

C. difficile spores are resistant to alcohol-based hand sanitizers and gels. Therefore, using hand gel alone is ineffective and can contribute to the spread of the infection. Healthcare workers must wash their hands thoroughly with soap and water after caring for a C.diff patient to physically remove the spores and prevent transmission.