CBDCE Nutrition and Meal Planning Flashcards

What is the recommended daily sodium intake for people with diabetes who also have hypertension, according to the American Diabetes Association?

Answer: Less than 2,300 mg/day

The ADA recommends limiting sodium to less than 2,300 mg/day for people with diabetes and hypertension to reduce cardiovascular risk.

A patient with type 1 diabetes wants to follow a very low-carbohydrate diet. What is the most important safety consideration a CDCES should address?

Answer: Need to reduce insulin doses to prevent hypoglycemia

Drastically reducing carbohydrate intake lowers insulin requirements significantly, and doses must be adjusted to prevent dangerous hypoglycemia.

Which Mediterranean diet component has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Liberal use of olive oil and nuts

Olive oil and nuts provide monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats that improve insulin sensitivity and reduce LDL oxidation and cardiovascular risk.

When discussing alcohol consumption with a patient with diabetes, which warning is most critical?

Answer: Alcohol can cause delayed hypoglycemia, especially in those on insulin or sulfonylureas

Alcohol inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis, which can cause hypoglycemia hours after drinking, particularly dangerous for those on insulin or sulfonylureas.

A patient is following carbohydrate counting and eats a food with 30g total carbohydrate and 8g dietary fiber. Using the fiber subtraction rule, how many net carbs should they count?

Answer: 22 grams

When a food contains more than 5g of fiber per serving, the fiber grams can be subtracted from total carbs (30 − 8 = 22g net carbs).

Which dietary pattern has the strongest evidence base for reducing HbA1c and improving cardiovascular outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Mediterranean-style or DASH diet

Mediterranean and DASH dietary patterns consistently show reductions in HbA1c, blood pressure, and LDL, with robust clinical trial evidence in type 2 diabetes.