Maternal & Infant Nutrition Flashcards

According to CDC guidance, about how many additional calories per day does a well-nourished, exclusively breastfeeding mother typically need?

Answer: 450–500 kcal

CDC estimates exclusively breastfeeding mothers need roughly 450–500 extra kcal/day.

What is the AAP's recommended vitamin D supplement for an exclusively breastfed infant?

Answer: 400 IU daily starting in the first few days of life

The AAP recommends 400 IU of vitamin D daily for breastfed infants beginning shortly after birth.

A mother following a strict vegan diet asks what nutrient she most needs to supplement while breastfeeding. What is the best answer?

Answer: Vitamin B12

B12 is found almost exclusively in animal foods, and maternal deficiency can cause serious neurologic problems in the breastfed infant.

At what age does the AAP suggest iron supplementation (1 mg/kg/day) for exclusively breastfed term infants until iron-rich foods are established?

Answer: At 4 months

The AAP advises starting iron at 4 months for exclusively breastfed term infants because iron stores from birth begin to run low around then.

A breastfeeding mother asks about coffee. Which guidance is most accurate?

Answer: Up to about 300 mg of caffeine per day is generally considered safe

Moderate caffeine intake of up to about 300 mg/day (2–3 cups of coffee) is generally compatible with breastfeeding.

Which fish should a lactating mother avoid because of high mercury content?

Answer: Swordfish

FDA/EPA advise avoiding high-mercury fish such as swordfish, shark, king mackerel, and tilefish.

A mother believes she must drink large amounts of water to make enough milk. What is the best evidence-based response?

Answer: Drinking to thirst is enough; forcing extra fluids does not increase milk supply

Studies show drinking beyond thirst does not increase milk production, though staying hydrated supports maternal well-being.