Equilibrium and Reaction Rates Flashcards
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Read the first 6 Equilibrium and Reaction Rates flashcards as text
Reaction rate is defined as the change in concentration of a reactant or product per unit of:
Answer: Time
Reaction rate measures how quickly concentration changes over time, expressed as Δ[concentration]/Δtime.
Which of the following will increase the rate of most chemical reactions?
Answer: Increasing surface area of solid reactants
Increasing surface area exposes more reactant particles to collisions, increasing the frequency of effective collisions and the reaction rate.
The activation energy of a reaction is the:
Answer: Minimum energy required for reactants to form products
Activation energy (Ea) is the minimum energy that colliding reactant molecules must have to successfully form products.
According to collision theory, a reaction occurs when molecules collide with:
Answer: Sufficient energy and proper orientation
Collision theory requires both sufficient kinetic energy (≥ Ea) and the correct geometric orientation for a productive collision.
In a reaction energy diagram, the activated complex (transition state) is found at the:
Answer: Highest point on the energy diagram
The transition state (activated complex) represents the highest energy arrangement of atoms during the reaction and sits at the peak of the energy diagram.
If the concentration of a reactant is doubled and the reaction rate quadruples, the reaction is ________ order with respect to that reactant.
Answer: Second
Rate ∝ [A]^n; doubling [A] giving 4× rate means 2^n = 4, so n = 2 — the reaction is second order in that reactant.