CART Nuclear Chemistry and Radioactivity 3

Question 1

Einstein's equation E = mc² relates mass and energy in nuclear reactions. What does 'c' represent?

Accepted Answer

The speed of light in a vacuum

Answer

The charge of a proton

Answer

The concentration of reactants

Answer

The specific heat capacity of the nucleus

Question 2

Nuclear fusion requires extremely high temperatures primarily because:

Accepted Answer

High temperature provides energy to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged nuclei

Answer

High temperature increases the mass of the nuclei

Answer

High temperature reduces the number of neutrons needed

Answer

High temperature causes nuclei to emit alpha particles first

Question 3

Which type of radiation is stopped most easily and cannot penetrate human skin?

Accepted Answer

Alpha particles

Answer

Gamma rays

Answer

Beta particles

Answer

X-rays

Question 4

The nuclear binding energy of a nucleus represents:

Accepted Answer

The energy required to completely separate a nucleus into its individual protons and neutrons

Answer

The energy needed to remove one electron from the atom

Answer

The energy released when electrons bond to form a molecule

Answer

The heat produced during a fission chain reaction

Question 5

Positron emission (beta-plus decay) results in:

Accepted Answer

A decrease in atomic number by 1

Answer

An increase in atomic number by 1

Answer

No change in atomic number

Answer

A decrease in mass number by 2

Question 6

Which factor most directly determines whether a nucleus is stable or radioactive?

Accepted Answer

The ratio of neutrons to protons in the nucleus

Answer

The temperature of the surrounding environment

Answer

The number of electrons in the outermost energy level

Answer

The electronegativity of the element

Question 7

In the nuclear equation ²³⁵₉₂U + ¹₀n → ¹⁴¹₅₆Ba + ?₃₆Kr + 3¹₀n, what is the mass number of the krypton product?

Accepted Answer

92

Answer

89

Answer

93

Answer

95