Cardiac-Vascular Nursing Flashcards

A blood flow obstruction is caused by the diameter and tone of the blood vessels and the vascular musculature. When combined with stroke volume, it controls blood pressure.

Answer: Peripheral vascular resistance

Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) is the opposition to blood flow caused by the diameter and tone of the systemic blood vessels and their musculature. This resistance, in conjunction with stroke volume, is a key determinant of arterial blood pressure.

The most uncommon type of cardiomyopathy looks like a brick wall. The heart's size is standard, but because the muscles are unable to stretch deposits into the cells that stiffen the ventricles, diastolic failure is most frequently the result (systolic dysfunction occurs as it progresses).

Answer: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy is characterized by rigid, noncompliant ventricular walls that impair diastolic filling, often due to infiltrative processes or fibrosis. This stiffness prevents the heart muscles from stretching properly, leading to diastolic dysfunction, which aligns with the description of stiffened ventricles resembling a 'brick wall'.

Snap Opening

Answer: Mitral stenosis

An 'opening snap' is a distinct, high-pitched sound heard early in diastole, which is a classic auscultatory finding in patients with mitral stenosis. It occurs when the stenotic mitral valve, if still pliable, opens abruptly due to increased left atrial pressure.

The heart gained volume again. At the end of the diastole, pressure is put on the ventricle walls.

Answer: FALSE

The statement describes the heart gaining volume and pressure on the ventricle walls at the end of diastole, which is a normal physiological process known as ventricular filling and preload. Preload refers to the stretch of the ventricular muscle fibers at the end of diastole, caused by the volume of blood in the ventricles. Therefore, the statement accurately describes a normal cardiac event, making the assertion 'FALSE' incorrect from a physiological standpoint.

Thyroid problems, sensitivity to sunlight, corneal deposits, and interstitial lung disease.

Answer: Undesirable effects of BB's

The listed side effects—thyroid problems, sensitivity to sunlight (photosensitivity), corneal deposits, and interstitial lung disease—are characteristic and well-documented adverse effects of the antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone. These specific side effects are not typically associated with beta-blockers (BB's), which have a different pharmacological profile and adverse effect spectrum. Therefore, the provided correct answer is inconsistent with established medical knowledge.

Closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves.

Answer: S2 heart sounds are caused by

The S2 heart sound, commonly referred to as the 'dub' sound, is produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves. This event marks the end of ventricular systole and the beginning of diastole in the cardiac cycle.

Arrange Advise Assess Readiness Assist Ask

Answer: The 5 A's of cessation guidelines

The terms 'Arrange,' 'Advise,' 'Assess Readiness,' 'Assist,' and 'Ask' represent the '5 A's' model. This is a widely recognized and structured framework used in healthcare settings to guide clinicians in counseling patients on behavior change, particularly for smoking cessation, by addressing key steps in the intervention process.