History Flashcards

Who was a key architect of Confederation from Quebec?

Answer: Sir George-Étienne Cartier

Sir George-Étienne Cartier was a prominent political figure from Quebec and a key Father of Confederation. He played a crucial role in bringing Quebec into the Dominion, advocating for the protection of French Canadian language, culture, and civil law within the new federal structure. His leadership was essential for the success of Confederation.

When is Remembrance Day celebrated?

Answer: November 11th

Remembrance Day is celebrated annually on November 11th. This date commemorates the armistice signed between the Allies and Germany in 1918, marking the end of World War I. Canadians observe a moment of silence and wear poppies to honour the sacrifices of military personnel in all wars and conflicts.

Which is NOT true about Mary Ann Shadd Cary?

Answer: She was pro-slavery

Mary Ann Shadd Cary was a staunch abolitionist and an outspoken activist against slavery, making the statement 'She was pro-slavery' incorrect. She was a key figure in the Underground Railroad and made history as the first Black woman publisher in Canada, founding and editing the anti-slavery newspaper 'The Provincial Freeman'.

Who are the Canadiens or habitants?

Answer: The French-speaking Catholic people of the Province of Quebec

The terms 'Canadiens' or 'habitants' historically refer to the French-speaking Catholic settlers and their descendants in New France, particularly in what became the Province of Quebec. They maintained their distinct language, culture, and civil law even after the British conquest, forming a unique cultural identity within Canada.

Which of these did the Quebec Act of 1774 not accomplish?

Answer: Denounce religious freedom

The Quebec Act of 1774 did not denounce religious freedom; instead, it *granted* religious freedom to Catholics, allowing them to practice their faith and hold public office. The Act also restored French civil law and maintained British criminal law, aiming to secure the loyalty of French Canadians to the British Crown.

How many Canadians have lost their lives in wars up to present day?

Answer: 110,000

Approximately 110,000 Canadians have lost their lives serving in various wars and conflicts throughout history. This includes significant sacrifices made in World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and other peacekeeping missions. Remembrance Day specifically honours these individuals and their contributions.

Which is NOT true about Canada's early economy?

Answer: It could only trade with the United States

Canada's early economy was based on exporting natural resources like fur, fish, and timber, and trade was conducted with various nations, not solely the United States. Trade routes utilized rivers, canals, lakes, and roads, connecting Canada to global markets, particularly Great Britain. Farming was also a foundational economic activity.

Who built a fortress in Québec City and allied the colony with First Nations to battle the Iroquois?

Answer: Samuel de Champlain

Samuel de Champlain, known as the 'Father of New France,' founded Quebec City in 1608 and built a fortress there. He formed crucial alliances with First Nations, particularly the Huron and Algonquin, to battle the Iroquois, which was vital for the survival and expansion of the French colony.

Who is on the Dominion of Canada's $1 and assigned Canada's national colors of white and red?

Answer: George V

King George V was the reigning monarch when Canada's national colours of white and red were officially assigned by Royal Proclamation in 1921. He also appeared on Canadian currency, including the $1 bill, reflecting the monarch's role as Head of State. Elizabeth II is the current monarch on Canadian currency.

What day celebrates Canada Day and the anniversary of Confederation?

Answer: July 1st

Canada Day is celebrated annually on July 1st, marking the anniversary of Confederation in 1867. On this day, the British North America Act united three British colonies into a single country, the Dominion of Canada. It is a national holiday observed with celebrations across the country.

What group of people, who also colonized Greenland, first colonized Canada?

Answer: The Vikings

The Vikings were the first Europeans to colonize parts of North America, including what is now Canada, around 1000 CE. Led by Leif Erikson, they established a settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland, predating other European explorers by centuries. They also famously colonized Greenland.

Which is NOT true about Louis Riel?

Answer: He was a North West Mounted Police Officer

Louis Riel was a Métis leader and a defender of Métis rights, not a North West Mounted Police Officer. He led two Métis uprisings, the Red River Rebellion and the North-West Rebellion, to protect his people's land and culture. He is widely regarded as the Father of Manitoba for his role in bringing the province into Confederation.

Who is the first European explorer to draw the map of Canada's east coast and claiming the land for England?

Answer: John Cabot

John Cabot, an Italian explorer sailing under the English flag, was the first European explorer to draw a map of Canada's east coast (likely Newfoundland) in 1497. He claimed the land for England, laying the groundwork for future English colonization in North America. His voyages were crucial for early European exploration of the continent.

What is a head tax?

Answer: Race-based entrance fee

A head tax was a discriminatory, race-based entrance fee imposed by the Canadian government on Chinese immigrants, primarily between 1885 and 1923. This fee was designed to discourage Chinese immigration and caused immense hardship and injustice for Chinese families seeking to build a life in Canada. It was later replaced by the Chinese Immigration Act.

The Canadian government made many First Nations kids attend boarding schools for what reason?

Answer: To 'civilize' them by forcing them to act like the European settlers

The Canadian government forced many First Nations children to attend residential schools with the explicit goal of 'civilizing' them by assimilating them into Euro-Canadian culture. Children were forcibly removed from their families, forbidden to speak their languages, and subjected to abuse, in an attempt to strip them of their Indigenous identity.

Which of these concerns is most closely associated with Canadian culture?

Answer: Healthcare

Healthcare is a cornerstone of Canadian identity and culture, with universal public healthcare being a deeply valued principle. Canadians generally see access to healthcare as a right, not a privilege, and the publicly funded system is a defining characteristic of Canadian society. This concern is central to the national ethos.