CALT Neurobiology of Reading and Dyslexia 4

Question 1

Which neuroimaging finding is most consistently associated with dyslexia in adults who have received effective intervention?

Accepted Answer

Increased right hemisphere compensatory activation

Answer

Adults with dyslexia who compensate successfully show increased right hemisphere activity, reflecting an alternative neural pathway for reading.

Question 2

The 'visual word form area' (VWFA) is located in which brain region and is critical for what reading process?

Accepted Answer

Left occipito-temporal cortex; rapid orthographic recognition

Answer

The VWFA in the left occipito-temporal cortex specializes in rapid, automatic recognition of whole word forms during skilled reading.

Question 3

Which white matter tract connects Broca's area to Wernicke's area and is frequently disrupted in individuals with dyslexia?

Accepted Answer

Arcuate fasciculus

Answer

The arcuate fasciculus is the primary white matter pathway linking frontal and temporoparietal language regions, and its microstructural integrity is reduced in dyslexia.

Question 4

Research on the 'magnocellular deficit' hypothesis of dyslexia suggests that affected individuals show impaired processing in which sensory domain?

Accepted Answer

Rapid temporal processing of visual and auditory stimuli

Answer

The magnocellular deficit hypothesis proposes that dyslexia involves impaired processing of rapidly changing sensory information across both visual and auditory modalities.

Question 5

Studies of identical twins with dyslexia suggest a heritability estimate of approximately what percentage for reading disability?

Accepted Answer

60–70%

Answer

Twin studies consistently estimate the heritability of dyslexia at approximately 60–70%, indicating a strong but not exclusive genetic contribution.

CALT - Certified Academic Language Therapist Practice Test

CALT - Certified Academic Language Therapist Practice Test

CALT Neurobiology of Reading and Dyslexia 4