Caliper Assessment Problem Solving and Cognition — Questions and Answers

Question 1: A number sequence reads: 3, 6, 12, 24, ___. What is the next number?

36
48 (Correct answer)
42
30

Correct answer: 48

Each term is doubled, so 24 × 2 = 48.

Question 2: If all Managers are Leaders, and some Leaders are Visionaries, which conclusion MUST be true?

All Managers are Visionaries
Some Managers may be Visionaries (Correct answer)
No Managers are Visionaries
All Visionaries are Managers

Correct answer: Some Managers may be Visionaries

Since only 'some' Leaders are Visionaries, it is only possible—not certain—that some Managers are Visionaries.

Question 3: A project has 4 tasks. Task B depends on Task A, Task C depends on Task B, and Task D can start anytime. What is the minimum number of tasks that must be completed before Task C can begin?

1
2 (Correct answer)
3
0

Correct answer: 2

Task C requires Task B to be done first, and Task B requires Task A, so exactly 2 tasks (A then B) must complete before C starts.

Question 4: Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning?

If all birds have wings and a robin is a bird, then a robin has wings
Every swan I have ever seen is white, so all swans are probably white (Correct answer)
If it rains, the ground gets wet; the ground is wet, so it must have rained
No valid conclusion can be drawn without additional data

Correct answer: Every swan I have ever seen is white, so all swans are probably white

Inductive reasoning draws probable general conclusions from specific observations.

Question 5: A store sells apples for $0.50 each and oranges for $0.75 each. Maria spends exactly $4.50 buying a total of 8 fruits. How many apples did she buy?

3 (Correct answer)
4
5
6

Correct answer: 3

Setting up equations: 0.5a + 0.75(8−a) = 4.50 solves to a = 3 apples.

Question 6: You have limited time to solve a complex problem. Which strategy is generally MOST effective?

Attempt every possible solution sequentially
Break the problem into smaller sub-problems and prioritize (Correct answer)
Wait for more information before acting
Delegate the entire problem to someone else

Correct answer: Break the problem into smaller sub-problems and prioritize

Decomposing a complex problem into sub-problems allows for efficient prioritization and faster progress under time constraints.

Question 7: Which word does NOT belong with the others?

Hypothesis
Theorem
Conjecture
Anecdote (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Anecdote

Hypothesis, theorem, and conjecture are all formal reasoned propositions, while an anecdote is a personal story or informal account.

Question 8: In a logic puzzle, Anna is taller than Ben, and Ben is taller than Carl. Dan is shorter than Carl. Who is the tallest?

Ben
Carl
Anna (Correct answer)
Dan

Correct answer: Anna

The chain Anna > Ben > Carl > Dan makes Anna the tallest.

Question 9: A pattern alternates: Circle, Square, Triangle, Circle, Square, Triangle... What is the 17th shape?

Circle
Square (Correct answer)
Triangle
Cannot be determined

Correct answer: Square

The cycle length is 3; 17 mod 3 = 2, which maps to the 2nd position — Square.

Question 10: Three colleagues must finish a report. Alex writes 3 pages/hour, Beth writes 2 pages/hour, and Carlos writes 1 page/hour. If the report needs 36 pages, how many hours will it take working together?

4 hours
6 hours (Correct answer)
9 hours
12 hours

Correct answer: 6 hours

Combined rate = 3+2+1 = 6 pages/hour; 36 ÷ 6 = 6 hours.

Question 11: Which of the following best describes a 'false dichotomy' in reasoning?

Presenting only two options when more exist (Correct answer)
Drawing a conclusion before gathering evidence
Using emotional language to sway an argument
Repeating an assertion louder to make it seem true

Correct answer: Presenting only two options when more exist

A false dichotomy incorrectly frames a situation as having only two mutually exclusive options when other alternatives exist.

Question 12: A manager notices that sales spike every time it rains. She concludes that rain causes people to buy more. What flaw exists in this reasoning?

The sample size is too large
Correlation is being mistaken for causation (Correct answer)
The conclusion is logically deduced
The data is irrelevant to the situation

Correct answer: Correlation is being mistaken for causation

Correlation between two variables does not prove one causes the other; a confounding factor (e.g., people shop indoors when it rains) may explain both.

Question 13: If you rearrange the letters 'TRAMS', you can spell what common English word?

SMART (Correct answer)
MARSH
TRAMS
STORM

Correct answer: SMART

The letters T, R, A, M, S rearrange to spell SMART.

Question 14: A cognitive bias where people favor information that confirms their pre-existing beliefs is called:

Anchoring bias
Confirmation bias (Correct answer)
Availability heuristic
Dunning-Kruger effect

Correct answer: Confirmation bias

Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, and recall information in a way that confirms one's existing beliefs.

Question 15: Find the missing number: 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, ___

35
37 (Correct answer)
36
33

Correct answer: 37

The differences are 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 — odd numbers increasing by 2 — so 26 + 11 = 37.

Question 16: Which of these problems is best suited for a systematic elimination approach?

Writing a creative short story
Choosing which of 5 candidates meets all job criteria (Correct answer)
Brainstorming new product names
Building team morale

Correct answer: Choosing which of 5 candidates meets all job criteria

Elimination works best when there are defined criteria; ruling out candidates who fail criteria systematically narrows the field to the correct answer.

Question 17: A train travels 120 miles in 2 hours. At the same speed, how long will it take to travel 300 miles?

4 hours
5 hours (Correct answer)
4.5 hours
6 hours

Correct answer: 5 hours

Speed = 60 mph; 300 ÷ 60 = 5 hours.

Question 18: When evaluating the strength of an argument, which factor is MOST important?

The confidence with which the argument is presented
The credibility of the evidence supporting the claim (Correct answer)
The length and detail of the argument
Whether the conclusion feels intuitively right

Correct answer: The credibility of the evidence supporting the claim

The quality and credibility of supporting evidence determines an argument's strength, not its length or delivery.

Question 19: A box contains red, blue, and green balls in a 2:3:5 ratio. If there are 40 balls total, how many are green?

8
12
20 (Correct answer)
16

Correct answer: 20

Green represents 5 out of 10 ratio parts; 5/10 × 40 = 20 green balls.

Question 20: Which thinking approach is most appropriate when a well-defined correct answer is known to exist?

Divergent thinking
Lateral thinking
Convergent thinking (Correct answer)
Analogical thinking

Correct answer: Convergent thinking

Convergent thinking focuses and narrows options toward a single correct solution, ideal when one right answer exists.

Question 21: Tom is three times as old as his daughter. In 12 years, he will be twice her age. How old is Tom now?

36 (Correct answer)
24
30
48

Correct answer: 36

Let daughter = d; Tom = 3d; 3d+12 = 2(d+12) → d=12, Tom=36.

Caliper Assessment Problem Solving and Cognition

A number sequence reads: 3, 6, 12, 24, ___.
What is the next number?

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