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Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals Flashcards

7 cards from real CABT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Which hormone is produced by the adrenal medulla and plays a key role in the 'fight-or-flight' response?

    Answer: Epinephrine

    The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine in response to sympathetic nervous system activation during stress.

  2. A pulse oximeter measures oxygen saturation using light absorption. Which property of hemoglobin makes this possible?

    Answer: Oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin absorb red and infrared light differently

    Pulse oximeters exploit the different light absorption spectra of oxyhemoglobin (red light) and deoxyhemoglobin (infrared light) to calculate SpO2.

  3. Which of the following accurately describes the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

    Answer: It selectively restricts the passage of substances between blood and brain tissue

    The BBB, formed by tight junctions between brain capillary endothelial cells and supported by astrocyte endfeet, selectively controls what enters brain tissue.

  4. In a patient with a fractured femur, which artery is at greatest risk of injury due to its proximity to the bone in the femoral shaft?

    Answer: Perforating branches of the deep femoral artery

    Perforating branches of the profunda femoris (deep femoral artery) run close to the femoral shaft and are commonly injured in mid-shaft femur fractures.

  5. What is the role of the sinoatrial (SA) node in cardiac physiology?

    Answer: It initiates the electrical impulse that sets the heart rate

    The SA node, located in the right atrium, spontaneously depolarizes at 60–100 bpm, acting as the natural pacemaker of the heart.

  6. Which section of the small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption?

    Answer: Jejunum

    The jejunum has extensive villi and microvilli (brush border) and is the primary site for absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, and most nutrients.

  7. A biomedical technician services a patient warming system. Which physiological mechanism does this device support by maintaining core body temperature?

    Answer: Thermoregulation

    Thermoregulation maintains core body temperature within narrow limits (36.5–37.5°C) to ensure optimal enzymatic function and cellular processes.

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