Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals Flashcards

Which anatomical term describes the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body?

Answer: Abduction

Abduction is the movement of a body part away from the midline, while adduction moves it toward the midline.

Which blood vessel directly supplies oxygenated blood to the myocardium?

Answer: Coronary arteries

The left and right coronary arteries arise from the aortic root and supply oxygenated blood directly to the myocardium.

A biomedical technician is calibrating an intraocular pressure monitor. Which fluid is measured indirectly by this device?

Answer: Aqueous humor

Intraocular pressure is largely determined by the production and drainage of aqueous humor in the anterior segment of the eye.

In anatomical position, which directional term refers to a structure closer to the point of attachment of a limb?

Answer: Proximal

Proximal describes a position closer to the point of origin or attachment of a limb, while distal refers to farther away.

Which cellular organelle is the primary site of ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer: Mitochondria

Mitochondria contain the electron transport chain and ATP synthase complexes responsible for producing the majority of cellular ATP.

Which connective tissue structure connects muscle to bone?

Answer: Tendon

Tendons are dense regular connective tissue structures that attach skeletal muscles to bones, transmitting contractile force.

When a biomedical engineer reviews a ventilator parameter labeled 'FRC,' what physiological measurement does this represent?

Answer: The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal passive exhalation

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) is the volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a normal passive expiration, combining expiratory reserve volume and residual volume.