CAASP Child Development 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the core conflict during the toddler stage (ages 1-3)?
- Trust vs. Mistrust
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Correct answer)
- Initiative vs. Guilt
- Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct answer: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Erikson's second stage centers on the child developing a sense of personal control and independence versus self-doubt when autonomy is not supported.
Question 2: A child who strings two words together (e.g., 'more milk') is demonstrating which language milestone?
- Babbling
- Holophrase speech
- Telegraphic speech (Correct answer)
- Overextension
Correct answer: Telegraphic speech
Telegraphic speech refers to two-word utterances that convey meaning using only essential words, typically emerging around 18-24 months.
Question 3: Which theorist introduced the concept of the 'zone of proximal development' (ZPD)?
- Jean Piaget
- Lev Vygotsky (Correct answer)
- Erik Erikson
- Urie Bronfenbrenner
Correct answer: Lev Vygotsky
Vygotsky's ZPD describes the gap between what a child can do independently and what they can do with guidance from a more skilled partner.
Question 4: A 4-year-old insists that a tall, thin glass has more water than a short, wide glass even after watching water poured between them. This best illustrates:
- Object permanence
- Conservation failure
- Centration (Correct answer)
- Animism
Correct answer: Centration
Centration is the preoperational tendency to focus on one dimension (height) while ignoring others (width), leading to incorrect judgments.
Question 5: Which type of temperament, described by Thomas and Chess, is characterized by irregular biological rhythms, slow adaptability, and frequent negative moods?
- Easy
- Slow-to-warm-up
- Difficult (Correct answer)
- Inhibited
Correct answer: Difficult
The 'difficult' temperament type involves unpredictable schedules, withdrawal from new stimuli, and predominantly negative emotional responses.
Question 6: In the context of CAASP, recognizing developmental milestones helps service providers primarily to:
- Diagnose mental health disorders in children
- Identify delays that may signal the need for early intervention (Correct answer)
- Prescribe medication for behavioral problems
- Replace the role of pediatric assessment
Correct answer: Identify delays that may signal the need for early intervention
Understanding typical milestones allows CAASP providers to flag atypical development early and connect children and families with appropriate support services.
Question 7: A child who uses the word 'dog' to refer to all four-legged animals is demonstrating:
- Underextension
- Overextension (Correct answer)
- Fast mapping
- Syntactic bootstrapping
Correct answer: Overextension
Overextension occurs when a child applies a word too broadly beyond its correct referent, a common early language pattern.
CAASP Child Development 2
According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the core conflict during the toddler stage (ages 1-3)?