BS Bachelor of Science: Science of Nutrition 5

Question 1

Which micronutrient deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide, affecting primarily women and children in developing regions?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency

Answer

Iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency globally, causing iron-deficiency anemia that impairs oxygen transport and cognitive development.

Question 2

The Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk primarily due to high intake of which food component?

Accepted Answer

Monounsaturated fatty acids from olive oil

Answer

Extra-virgin olive oil, rich in oleic acid (a monounsaturated fatty acid) and polyphenols, is a cornerstone of the Mediterranean diet linked to reduced LDL oxidation and inflammation.

Question 3

Which metabolic pathway converts excess glucose into fatty acids for long-term energy storage?

Accepted Answer

De novo lipogenesis

Answer

De novo lipogenesis converts acetyl-CoA derived from excess carbohydrate or protein into palmitate, which is then esterified into triglycerides for storage in adipose tissue.

Question 4

In a 24-hour dietary recall, which primary limitation affects the accuracy of reported intake data?

Accepted Answer

Reliance on participant memory and accurate portion estimation

Answer

The 24-hour recall depends entirely on the participant's memory and ability to accurately estimate portion sizes, introducing recall bias and estimation error.

Question 5

Which biomarker is used to assess long-term average blood glucose control over approximately 2-3 months in diabetic patients?

Accepted Answer

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

Answer

HbA1c reflects the percentage of hemoglobin glycated over the 120-day lifespan of red blood cells, providing a retrospective average of blood glucose control.

BS - Bachelor of Science Practice Test

BS - Bachelor of Science Practice Test

BS Bachelor of Science: Science of Nutrition 5