BS Cell Biology and Genetics 2

Question 1

What is a dominant allele?

Accepted Answer

An allele whose trait is expressed even when only one copy is present

Answer

A dominant allele produces its associated trait when at least one copy is present, masking the effect of the recessive allele.

Question 2

What is the term for an organism with two identical alleles for a gene?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous

Answer

A homozygous organism carries two identical alleles (either both dominant or both recessive) for a particular gene.

Question 3

What does the term 'genotype' refer to?

Accepted Answer

The genetic makeup of an organism

Answer

Genotype refers to the specific alleles an organism carries for a gene, which may or may not be visible in its appearance.

Question 4

How many chromosomes are in a typical human somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

46

Answer

Human somatic (body) cells are diploid and contain 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs.

Question 5

What is a mutation?

Accepted Answer

A change in the DNA sequence of an organism

Answer

A mutation is any permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA.

BS - Bachelor of Science Practice Test