BMST Earth's Geological Cycles 3

Question 1

Which geological process causes rocks to break down into smaller particles at Earth's surface?

Accepted Answer

Weathering

Answer

Weathering is the physical and chemical breakdown of rocks at or near Earth's surface into smaller fragments and minerals.

Question 2

In the nitrogen cycle, which process converts atmospheric nitrogen gas into a form usable by plants?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen fixation

Answer

Nitrogen fixation converts N₂ gas into ammonia or nitrates, primarily through bacteria in soil and plant root nodules.

Question 3

What term describes the process by which sediments are compacted and cemented together to form sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

Lithification

Answer

Lithification is the process by which loose sediments are compacted by pressure and cemented by minerals to form solid sedimentary rock.

Question 4

Which part of the rock cycle occurs when rocks are exposed to high heat and pressure without melting?

Accepted Answer

Metamorphism

Answer

Metamorphism transforms existing rocks through heat and pressure into metamorphic rocks without the rock melting completely.

Question 5

What is the term for water that flows over Earth's surface and eventually enters rivers and streams?

Accepted Answer

Runoff

Answer

Runoff is precipitation that flows over land into rivers, lakes, and eventually the ocean rather than soaking into the ground.

BMST - Basic Math and Science Test Practice Test