BMST Cellular Processes and Organelles 5

Question 1

Which cellular process produces lactic acid in muscle cells under low-oxygen conditions?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Answer

Lactic acid fermentation regenerates NAD⁺ from NADH so glycolysis can continue producing ATP when oxygen is scarce.

Question 2

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic organelles like mitochondria evolved from ancient prokaryotes engulfed by larger cells

Answer

The endosymbiotic theory proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as free-living bacteria that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 3

Which molecule acts as the electron carrier between the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Answer

NADH carries high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain, where they drive ATP synthesis.

Question 4

What type of cellular transport involves the cell engulfing large particles by wrapping its membrane around them?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis where the cell membrane engulfs large solid particles like bacteria or debris.

Question 5

Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Answer

DNA replication occurs during the S (synthesis) phase of interphase, producing two identical copies of the genome.

BMST - Basic Math and Science Test Practice Test

BMST - Basic Math and Science Test Practice Test

BMST Cellular Processes and Organelles 5