BMST BMST - Basic Math and Science Genetics and Heredity Questions and Answers 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the process by which a DNA molecule makes an identical copy of itself?
- Transcription
- Translation
- Replication (Correct answer)
- Mutation
Correct answer: Replication
DNA replication is the process that duplicates the DNA double helix before cell division.
Question 2: Which inheritance pattern results in a blended phenotype in heterozygotes (e.g., red × white = pink)?
- Complete dominance
- Recessive
- Incomplete dominance (Correct answer)
- Codominance
Correct answer: Incomplete dominance
Incomplete dominance produces an intermediate phenotype because neither allele is fully dominant.
Question 3: A person with blood type AB carries which combination of alleles?
- Two copies of IA
- Two copies of IB
- One IA and one IB allele (Correct answer)
- Two recessive i alleles
Correct answer: One IA and one IB allele
Blood type AB results from inheriting one IA allele and one IB allele, both of which are expressed (codominance).
Question 4: What is a mutation?
- Normal cell division
- A permanent change in the DNA sequence (Correct answer)
- The process of gene expression
- Protein synthesis
Correct answer: A permanent change in the DNA sequence
A mutation is a heritable change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA that can alter gene function.
Question 5: Which cells carry genetic information from one generation to the next?
- Somatic cells
- Stem cells
- Gametes (Correct answer)
- Red blood cells
Correct answer: Gametes
Gametes (sperm and egg cells) are the reproductive cells that transmit genetic information to offspring.
Question 6: The observable physical traits of an organism are called its:
- Genotype
- Phenotype (Correct answer)
- Allele
- Locus
Correct answer: Phenotype
The phenotype is the set of observable characteristics resulting from the interaction of the genotype with the environment.
BMST BMST - Basic Math and Science Genetics and Heredity Questions and Answers 2
What is the process by which a DNA molecule makes an identical copy of itself?