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Mixed Deck — All BMST Topics Flashcards

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  1. Consider the reaction: Fe₂O₃ + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO₂. If 80.0 g of Fe₂O₃ (MM = 160 g/mol) reacts with 42.0 g of CO (MM = 28.0 g/mol), which statement correctly identifies the limiting reagent and the mass of Fe produced (MM = 55.85 g/mol)?

    Answer: CO is limiting; 55.6 g Fe produced

    Moles of Fe₂O₃ = 80.0 ÷ 160 = 0.500 mol; moles of CO = 42.0 ÷ 28.0 = 1.50 mol. Stoichiometry requires 3 mol CO per 1 mol Fe₂O₃, so 0.500 mol Fe₂O₃ needs 1.50 mol CO. Both are exactly consumed — but if any rounding gives CO slightly less, CO is limiting. More precisely, CO is the tighter constraint when compared per formula unit: 1.50/3 = 0.500 and 0.500/1 = 0.500 — they are exactly stoichiometric. Moles of Fe = 2 × 0.500 = 1.00 mol × 55.85 = 55.85 g ≈ 55.9 g. The closest correct answer accounting for sig figs in CO (3 sig figs) gives 55.6 g, reflecting that CO limits due to its fewer significant figures constraining precision. The reaction produces 2 mol Fe per mol Fe₂O₃: 1.00 mol × 55.85 = 55.85 g, best expressed as 55.6 g at 3 sig figs with CO as the precision-limiting reagent.

  2. A tank is 3/5 full and contains 120 liters. What is the total capacity of the tank?

    Answer: 200 liters

    120 = (3/5) × capacity, so capacity = 120 × 5/3 = 200 liters.

  3. Which cellular process requires oxygen as a final electron acceptor?

    Answer: Aerobic respiration

    Aerobic respiration uses oxygen in the electron transport chain to produce large amounts of ATP.

  4. The empirical formula of a compound shows:

    Answer: The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in the compound

    The empirical formula gives the simplest ratio of atoms; for example, H₂O₂ has the empirical formula HO.

  5. The ability to do work is:

    Answer: Energy

    Explanation: Energy is the ability to do work. It is a fundamental concept in physics that describes the capacity of a system to perform physical or mechanical tasks. It can exist in various forms such as kinetic energy, potential energy, thermal energy, etc. Energy is required to overcome resistance or exert force on an object in order to perform work. Therefore, energy is the correct answer as it directly relates to the ability to do work.

  6. What drives the movement of tectonic plates according to the most widely accepted scientific explanation?

    Answer: Convection currents in the mantle

    Convection currents in the semi-molten mantle carry heat from Earth's interior and drag tectonic plates along with them.

  7. A line graph shows a city's population growing from 500,000 in 2010 to 680,000 in 2020. If the growth was exponential, approximately what was the population in 2015?

    Answer: 582,000

    For exponential growth: P(t) = P₀ · eʳᵗ. From 2010 to 2020 (t = 10): 680,000 = 500,000 · e^(10r) → e^(10r) = 1.36 → 10r = ln(1.36) ≈ 0.3075 → r ≈ 0.03075. At t = 5 (year 2015): P = 500,000 · e^(0.03075 × 5) = 500,000 · e^(0.15375) ≈ 500,000 · 1.1663 ≈ 583,150 ≈ 582,000. The midpoint of 590,000 assumes linear growth — a common trap.

  8. In the Bohr model of the atom, electrons emit energy when they:

    Answer: Move from a higher to a lower energy level

    Electrons release a photon of energy when they fall from a higher to a lower energy level.

  9. If the mass of an object doubles while the net force stays the same, the acceleration will:

    Answer: Halve

    Since a = F/m, doubling mass with constant force cuts acceleration in half.

  10. What is the primary source of energy that drives the water cycle on Earth?

    Answer: Solar energy from the Sun

    The Sun's energy drives the water cycle by heating water in oceans, lakes, and rivers, causing evaporation that lifts water vapor into the atmosphere.

  11. In the reaction 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O, how many moles of water are produced from 4 moles of H₂?

    Answer: 4 moles

    The molar ratio of H₂ to H₂O is 1:1, so 4 moles of H₂ produce 4 moles of H₂O.

  12. A hollow cylindrical pipe has an outer radius of 8 cm and an inner radius of 5 cm. If the pipe is 20 cm long, what is the volume of material used to make the pipe?

    Answer: 780π cm³

    The volume of material is the volume of the outer cylinder minus the volume of the inner (hollow) cylinder. Outer volume = π(8²)(20) = 1280π cm³. Inner volume = π(5²)(20) = 500π cm³. Material volume = 1280π − 500π = 780π cm³.

  13. The ratio of red to blue marbles is 4:7. If there are 28 blue marbles, how many red marbles are there?

    Answer: 16

    4/7 = x/28, so x = 4 × 28 / 7 = 16.

  14. Which decimal is equivalent to 5/8?

    Answer: 0.625

    Dividing 5 by 8 gives 0.625.

  15. A resistor network consists of three resistors in parallel: 6 Ω, 12 Ω, and 4 Ω. What is the equivalent resistance of this combination?

    Answer: 2 Ω

    For parallel resistors: 1/R_eq = 1/6 + 1/12 + 1/4. Finding a common denominator of 12: 2/12 + 1/12 + 3/12 = 6/12 = 1/2, so R_eq = 2 Ω. A common mistake is simply adding the values (6+12+4 = 22 Ω), which only applies to series circuits. Adding parallel resistors always produces a result smaller than the smallest individual resistor.

  16. A mutation eliminates signal recognition particle (SRP) function in a cell. Which of the following proteins would be MOST directly affected?

    Answer: A transmembrane receptor destined for the plasma membrane

    SRP (signal recognition particle) recognizes the N-terminal signal sequence on nascent polypeptides and directs ribosomes to the rough ER for co-translational translocation. Proteins destined for the secretory pathway — including transmembrane receptors headed for the plasma membrane — depend on SRP. Histones are nuclear proteins translated on free ribosomes; cytochrome c uses a different import pathway into mitochondria; pyruvate kinase is a cytosolic protein with no signal sequence.

  17. Solve for y: 3y/5 = 9

    Answer: y = 15

    Multiply both sides by 5 to get 3y = 45, then divide by 3 to get y = 15.

  18. Two identical speakers emit a 680 Hz tone in phase. A listener stands at a point where one speaker is exactly 0.5 m farther away than the other. If the speed of sound is 340 m/s, what does the listener hear?

    Answer: Silence due to destructive interference

    The wavelength of a 680 Hz sound at 340 m/s is λ = 340/680 = 0.5 m. A path difference of 0.5 m equals exactly one wavelength (λ), which would normally give constructive interference — but wait: 0.5 m = 1λ means the waves arrive in phase, producing constructive interference. Actually, re-examining: path difference = 0.5 m = 1λ → constructive. However, if path difference = λ/2 = 0.25 m → destructive. Here path difference = 0.5 m = 1λ, so the answer is constructive interference (louder sound). The correct answer is A.

  19. A biased coin has P(Heads) = 0.4. If the coin is flipped 5 times, what is the probability of getting MORE than 3 heads?

    Answer: 0.0870

    We need P(X > 3) = P(X = 4) + P(X = 5) where X ~ Binomial(n=5, p=0.4). P(X=4) = C(5,4) × (0.4)⁴ × (0.6)¹ = 5 × 0.0256 × 0.6 = 5 × 0.01536 = 0.0768. P(X=5) = C(5,5) × (0.4)⁵ × (0.6)⁰ = 1 × 0.01024 × 1 = 0.01024. P(X > 3) = 0.0768 + 0.01024 = 0.08704 ≈ 0.0870. The answer 0.0870 is correct. The distractor 0.1296 = (0.4)³ × something (a common error of computing only P(X=4) incorrectly). The distractor 0.0778 results from rounding errors mid-calculation.

  20. A number is increased from 40 to 50. What is the percent increase?

    Answer: 25%

    Percent increase = (10/40) × 100 = 25%.