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Science Flashcards

6 cards from real BMST practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A sealed container holds an ideal gas at 300 K and 2.0 atm. If the temperature is raised to 450 K while the volume is simultaneously reduced to half its original value, what is the new pressure?

    Answer: 6.0 atm

    Using the combined gas law: P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂. Rearranging: P₂ = P₁V₁T₂/(T₁V₂) = (2.0 atm)(V)(450 K) / (300 K)(V/2) = (2.0 × 450 × 2) / 300 = 1800/300 = 6.0 atm.

  2. Which of the following best explains why water has a much higher boiling point than hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), despite H₂S having a greater molecular mass?

    Answer: Water undergoes hydrogen bonding due to oxygen's high electronegativity and small atomic radius

    Water (H₂O) forms extensive hydrogen bonds because oxygen is highly electronegative and has a small atomic radius, allowing close approach of neighboring molecules. Sulfur in H₂S is less electronegative and has a larger atomic radius, so its hydrogen bonds are negligible. This makes water's boiling point (100°C) far higher than H₂S's (−60°C) despite H₂S having greater molecular mass.

  3. An object is thrown horizontally from the top of a 45 m cliff with an initial speed of 20 m/s. Assuming g = 10 m/s², approximately how far from the base of the cliff does the object land?

    Answer: 60 m

    First find time to fall: h = ½gt² → 45 = ½(10)t² → t² = 9 → t = 3 s. Horizontal distance = v × t = 20 m/s × 3 s = 60 m. Vertical and horizontal motions are independent; the horizontal velocity remains constant throughout the fall.

  4. During cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized to produce ATP. Which metabolic stage produces the GREATEST number of ATP molecules per glucose molecule?

    Answer: Oxidative phosphorylation via the electron transport chain

    Oxidative phosphorylation (the electron transport chain coupled with chemiosmosis) generates approximately 28–32 of the ~30–32 total ATP per glucose. Glycolysis nets only 2 ATP, pyruvate oxidation yields no ATP directly, and the Krebs cycle produces only 2 ATP (via GTP) per glucose. The vast majority of ATP comes from the proton gradient driving ATP synthase.

  5. A metal rod has a resistance of 8 Ω at 20°C. Its temperature coefficient of resistance is 0.004 °C⁻¹. What is its resistance at 120°C?

    Answer: 12.0 Ω

    Using R = R₀[1 + α(T − T₀)]: R = 8[1 + 0.004(120 − 20)] = 8[1 + 0.004 × 100] = 8[1 + 0.4] = 8 × 1.5 = 12.0 Ω.

  6. A scientist observes that a radioactive isotope reduces from 80 g to 10 g over 33 years. What is the half-life of this isotope?

    Answer: 11 years

    80 g → 40 g (1 half-life) → 20 g (2 half-lives) → 10 g (3 half-lives). Three half-lives span 33 years, so one half-life = 33 ÷ 3 = 11 years.