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- Basic Math and Science Cellular Processes and Organelles Questions and Answers Flashcards

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  1. Which component of the cell membrane is responsible for cell recognition and communication?

    Answer: Glycoproteins

    Glycoproteins on the cell surface act as identification markers and receptor sites, enabling cell recognition, immune responses, and intercellular communication.

  2. What is the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

    Answer: Using electrons to pump H+ ions and generate ATP

    The electron transport chain transfers electrons through protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, pumping H+ ions to drive ATP synthase and produce most of the cell's ATP.

  3. Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells?

    Answer: Chloroplast

    Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and other pigments in their thylakoid membranes, where light energy is captured and converted into chemical energy (glucose).

  4. What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

    Answer: Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotes do not

    Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles including a true nucleus, while prokaryotic cells lack these membrane-bound compartments and have a nucleoid region instead.

  5. What is the net ATP yield from glycolysis (per molecule of glucose)?

    Answer: 2 ATP

    Glycolysis produces 4 ATP but consumes 2 ATP to start the process, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP per glucose molecule.

  6. Which cellular junction allows direct communication between adjacent animal cells via channels?

    Answer: Gap junctions

    Gap junctions are protein channels that directly connect the cytoplasm of neighboring animal cells, allowing ions, small molecules, and electrical signals to pass between them.

  7. What is the primary role of the vacuole in a mature plant cell?

    Answer: Maintaining turgor pressure and storage

    The large central vacuole in plant cells stores water, nutrients, and waste products, and maintains turgor pressure that keeps the plant cell rigid and supports plant structure.