Mixed Deck — All BMS Topics Flashcards

What distinguishes complicated grief (prolonged grief disorder) from normal grief according to DSM-5-TR criteria?

Answer: Persistent intense yearning and preoccupation with the deceased lasting beyond 12 months

The DSM-5-TR identifies prolonged grief disorder as intense yearning, preoccupation, and functional impairment persisting beyond 12 months in adults.

Which stain is used to identify acid-fast organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis in tissue sections?

Answer: Ziehl-Neelsen stain

The Ziehl-Neelsen (carbol-fuchsin) stain highlights mycobacteria as bright red rods on a blue background due to their waxy cell walls.

While Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's five-stage grief model is widely known, what is a primary criticism of the model that funeral directors should be aware of when supporting families?

Answer: Grief is not a linear process, and individuals may not experience the stages in order, if at all.

A major criticism of the Kübler-Ross model is the misconception that grief is a neat, linear process where a person moves sequentially through each of the five stages. [7] Grief researchers and Kübler-Ross herself noted that grief is a complex, individual experience; people may skip stages, experience them in a different order, or revisit them multiple times. [18, 27] Believing the model is a strict roadmap can cause unnecessary distress for the bereaved who feel they are 'grieving wrong'. [6]

What compounds do the body produce in response to the intake of a foreign substance?

Answer: Antibodies

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are Y-shaped proteins produced by plasma cells (a type of B cell) in response to the presence of specific foreign substances called antigens. They play a crucial role in the immune system by recognizing and binding to these antigens, marking them for destruction or neutralizing them. This production is the body's specific immune response.

Which suture technique is most commonly used to close the mouth by passing the needle through the septum and mandible?

Answer: Muscular suture

The muscular suture passes through the nasal septum superiorly and through the mentalis muscle or mandible inferiorly to securely close the mouth.

What does the FTC Funeral Rule require regarding casket sales for cremation?

Answer: An alternative container must be offered if no casket is desired

The FTC Funeral Rule mandates that funeral providers offer an alternative container option when cremation is chosen without a casket.

What of the following does not dehydrate?

Answer: Sodium Hypochloride

Sodium hypochlorite, commonly known as bleach, is a strong oxidizing agent primarily used for disinfection and whitening. Unlike hardening compounds, phenol, or plaster of Paris, it does not function as a desiccant or absorbent to actively remove moisture from tissues. Hardening compounds and phenol are fixatives and desiccants, while plaster of Paris absorbs moisture as it sets.

Are bacteria thought of?

Answer: Procaryotic

Bacteria are classified as prokaryotic organisms, meaning their cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Their genetic material (DNA) is typically found in a nucleoid region within the cytoplasm. This distinguishes them from eukaryotic cells, which possess a true nucleus and complex organelles.

Which of L. Kohlberg's stages of moral development occurs when a person lacks understanding of the laws and a sense of duty to uphold them?

Answer: Pre-Moral stage

Lawrence Kohlberg's Pre-Moral stage (also known as the Pre-Conventional stage) is characterized by an individual's moral reasoning being primarily driven by self-interest and the avoidance of punishment or desire for reward. At this stage, there is a lack of understanding of societal laws and a sense of duty to uphold them, as moral decisions are based on personal consequences rather than abstract principles or social contracts.

appraisal of other cultures using preconceived notions derived from one's own norms and customs.

Answer: ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism is the tendency to evaluate other cultures based on the preconceived notions and standards derived from one's own culture. This often leads to a biased understanding and judgment of different cultural practices, beliefs, and values, viewing one's own culture as superior or the norm. The definition provided perfectly describes this sociological concept.

According to William Worden's "Tasks of Mourning" model, which task involves finding a way to maintain a bond with the deceased while also being able to continue living a full life?

Answer: To find an enduring connection with the deceased in the midst of embarking on a new life.

William Worden's fourth task, 'To find an enduring connection with the deceased in the midst of embarking on a new life,' focuses on the bereaved emotionally relocating the deceased and moving forward with life in a healthy way. [1, 2, 8] This is distinct from the initial acceptance of the loss (Task I), working through the pain (Task II), or adapting to new roles and environments (Task III). [9]

The 'demand' method of injection refers to:

Answer: Injecting fluid only as fast as the body accepts it

Demand injection matches fluid delivery to the body's absorption rate, preventing tissue distension.

In arterial embalming, the 'six-point injection' technique refers to raising arteries at how many locations?

Answer: Six

The six-point injection technique involves raising both common carotids, both femorals, and both axillary arteries for distribution of embalming fluid.

Which ethical principle is MOST directly violated when a funeral director steers a grieving family toward the most expensive casket without presenting all available options?

Answer: Autonomy

Failing to present all options undermines the family's autonomy by restricting their ability to make a fully informed decision.

The following is the formaldehyde standard for brief exposure to formaldehyde:

Answer: 2 ppm/15 minutes

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) sets standards for formaldehyde exposure. The Short-Term Exposure Limit (STEL) for formaldehyde is 2 parts per million (ppm) over a 15-minute period. This limit is designed to protect workers from acute, short-term health effects.

Which of the following is the reference point for determining how effective chemical disinfectants are?

Answer: Phenol

Phenol (carbolic acid) is historically used as the standard reference disinfectant against which the efficacy of other chemical disinfectants is measured. The 'phenol coefficient' is a value that compares the effectiveness of a disinfectant to that of phenol under specific conditions. A higher phenol coefficient indicates greater disinfectant potency, making phenol the reference point.

One-site injection and drainage is referred to as:

Answer: one point injection

One-point injection refers to the embalming technique where both the arterial injection of embalming fluid and the venous drainage of blood occur from a single site or vessel. This method is commonly used when only one artery and one vein are raised for the embalming process. Other options describe different injection/drainage strategies.

The correct anatomical position of the eyelids in a properly set deceased person should be:

Answer: Fully closed with no visible lash line

Eyelids should be fully and naturally closed with no gap, as a sleeping appearance is the accepted standard for viewing.

A notice of death, such as one published in a newspaper, typically accompanied by a brief biography of the deceased

Answer: obituary

An obituary is a published notice of a person's death, typically found in newspapers or online, that often includes a brief biography of the deceased and details about funeral arrangements. This definition perfectly matches the description provided in the question. An epitaph is an inscription on a tombstone, while 'lossography' and 'emigrant' are unrelated terms.

Anticipatory grief is best defined as:

Answer: Mourning that begins before the actual death of an anticipated loss

Anticipatory grief occurs when individuals begin mourning in advance of an expected death, such as when a loved one receives a terminal diagnosis.