Biology Test Biology Genetics & Evolution 3

Question 1

What does the Hardy-Weinberg principle predict about allele frequencies in a population?

Accepted Answer

They remain constant in the absence of evolutionary forces

Answer

They increase over time due to selection

Answer

They decrease due to genetic drift

Answer

They fluctuate randomly each generation

Question 2

Which stage of meiosis results in genetic recombination via crossing over?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Answer

Metaphase I

Answer

Anaphase II

Answer

Telophase II

Question 3

A gene has two alleles with frequencies p = 0.6 and q = 0.4. Under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes?

Accepted Answer

0.48

Answer

0.16

Answer

0.36

Answer

0.24

Question 4

What distinguishes microevolution from macroevolution?

Accepted Answer

Microevolution is changes in allele frequency within a species; macroevolution is species-level divergence and above

Answer

Microevolution involves large-scale changes; macroevolution involves small allele shifts

Answer

Microevolution only occurs in bacteria; macroevolution occurs in eukaryotes

Answer

They are identical processes

Question 5

Which mutation type results in an amino acid change that may or may not affect protein function?

Accepted Answer

Missense mutation

Answer

Silent mutation

Answer

Nonsense mutation

Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 6

What is the role of restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

They cut DNA at specific sequences

Answer

They copy DNA strands

Answer

They join DNA fragments together

Answer

They transcribe DNA into RNA

Question 7

Which concept explains why islands often have unique species found nowhere else on Earth?

Accepted Answer

Geographic isolation leading to independent speciation

Answer

Gene flow from mainland populations

Answer

Convergent evolution replacing all species

Answer

The founder effect preventing any evolution