Biology Test Biology Cell Structure & Function 2

Question 1

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the ER, modifies them, and packages them into vesicles for transport or secretion.

Question 2

What is the primary function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digesting cellular waste and foreign material

Answer

Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down macromolecules, old organelles, and pathogens in a process called autophagy or phagocytosis.

Question 3

Which cytoskeletal component is primarily responsible for cell shape and resisting compression?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Answer

Microtubules are hollow tubes made of tubulin that provide structural support, maintain cell shape, and form tracks for organelle transport.

Question 4

What distinguishes smooth endoplasmic reticulum from rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Smooth ER lacks ribosomes; rough ER has ribosomes on its surface

Answer

Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its cytoplasmic surface for protein synthesis, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Question 5

In which part of a eukaryotic cell does translation occur?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes in the cytoplasm and on rough ER

Answer

Translation (protein synthesis) occurs at ribosomes, which can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Biology Practice Test

Biology Practice Test

Biology Test Biology Cell Structure & Function 2