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Plant Biology Flashcards

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  1. Which plant hormone promotes cell elongation and is produced primarily in shoot apical meristems?

    Answer: Auxin (IAA)

    Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) is produced in shoot tips and promotes cell elongation by loosening cell walls, driving phototropic and gravitropic responses.

  2. What is the significance of alternation of generations in plant life cycles?

    Answer: Plants alternate between a diploid sporophyte and a haploid gametophyte generation

    Alternation of generations refers to the alternating multicellular diploid sporophyte (2n) and haploid gametophyte (n) phases in the plant life cycle.

  3. Which of the following best describes apical dominance in plants?

    Answer: The apical bud suppresses the growth of lateral buds

    Apical dominance occurs when the apical meristem produces auxin that inhibits the growth of lateral (axillary) buds below it.

  4. What is the difference between C3 and CAM plants in terms of carbon fixation timing?

    Answer: C3 plants fix carbon during the day; CAM plants fix carbon at night

    C3 plants fix CO2 into a 3-carbon compound during daylight hours, while CAM plants open stomata at night to fix CO2 into organic acids, releasing it during the day.

  5. What term describes the curling movement of a tendril around a support structure in climbing plants?

    Answer: Thigmotropism

    Thigmotropism is a plant's directional growth response to physical touch or contact, allowing tendrils to coil around supports.

  6. Which of the following correctly describes the role of guard cells?

    Answer: They regulate the opening and closing of stomata

    Guard cells are specialized kidney-shaped cells that flank stomata and change shape in response to osmotic pressure, regulating gas exchange and water loss.

  7. What is the primary role of mycorrhizal fungi in association with plant roots?

    Answer: Extend the effective absorptive area for water and mineral uptake

    Mycorrhizal fungi form a vast hyphal network that dramatically increases the surface area of roots, enhancing absorption of water and nutrients—especially phosphorus.