Biology Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
7 cards from real Biology Test practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Biology Anatomy and Physiology flashcards as text
Which part of the brain regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and circadian rhythms?
Answer: Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus integrates autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral responses to maintain homeostasis, including thermoregulation and appetite control.
A sarcomere is defined as the region between two consecutive:
Answer: Z discs
A sarcomere spans from one Z disc (Z line) to the next and is the basic contractile unit of a myofibril.
Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the lungs to the heart?
Answer: Pulmonary vein
The pulmonary veins (four total) carry freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Which type of joint allows the greatest range of motion and is found at the shoulder and hip?
Answer: Ball-and-socket joint
Ball-and-socket joints allow multiaxial movement including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.
During an action potential, the rapid influx of which ion causes depolarization of the neuron?
Answer: Sodium (Na⁺)
Voltage-gated Na⁺ channels open during depolarization, allowing rapid influx of sodium ions and driving the membrane potential toward +30 mV.
The process by which phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens is called:
Answer: Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is receptor-mediated endocytosis where cells such as neutrophils and macrophages engulf large particles including bacteria.
Which structure in the ear converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses?
Answer: Organ of Corti
The organ of Corti, located within the cochlea, contains hair cells that transduce fluid vibrations into electrical signals transmitted via the cochlear nerve.