Biology Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
7 cards from real Biology Test practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Biology Anatomy and Physiology flashcards as text
In the digestive system, which enzyme begins the chemical digestion of starch in the mouth?
Answer: Salivary amylase
Salivary amylase (ptyalin) is secreted by salivary glands and hydrolyzes starch into maltose and shorter polysaccharides.
What structure connects a muscle to a bone?
Answer: Tendon
Tendons are dense regular connective tissue structures that transmit the mechanical force of muscle contraction to the skeleton.
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex contains the primary visual cortex?
Answer: Occipital lobe
The primary visual cortex (V1) is located in the occipital lobe, specifically in the banks of the calcarine sulcus.
Which hormone stimulates the reabsorption of sodium ions in the renal tubule, thereby regulating blood pressure?
Answer: Aldosterone
Aldosterone, secreted by the adrenal cortex, acts on the distal tubule and collecting duct to increase Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ excretion.
The exchange of gases between the blood and body tissues is called:
Answer: Internal respiration
Internal (tissue) respiration is the exchange of O₂ and CO₂ between systemic capillary blood and surrounding tissue cells.
Which immunoglobulin is most abundant in secretions such as saliva, tears, and breast milk?
Answer: IgA
Secretory IgA is the predominant antibody in mucosal secretions and serves as the first line of defense at mucosal surfaces.
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Answer: Nephron
Each nephron, consisting of a renal corpuscle and renal tubule, performs the complete process of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.