BCSE Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology 5

Question 1

Which endocrine gland is located near the thyroid in dogs and produces parathyroid hormone (PTH) to regulate calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid gland

Answer

The parathyroid glands, typically four small glands associated with the thyroid, secrete PTH which raises blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption and renal calcium retention.

Question 2

In the bovine rumen, which volatile fatty acid (VFA) is produced in the greatest molar proportion during normal fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Acetate

Answer

Acetate is the predominant VFA produced in the rumen, typically comprising about 65–70% of total VFAs, and is used primarily for fat synthesis and energy in peripheral tissues.

Question 3

Which tendon in the horse is most commonly injured in superficial digital flexor tendinitis ('bowed tendon')?

Accepted Answer

Superficial digital flexor tendon

Answer

The superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is the most frequently injured tendon in racehorses, resulting in the classic 'bowed tendon' appearance due to thickening and inflammation.

Question 4

Surfactant produced by Type II pneumocytes in the lungs primarily functions to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Reduce alveolar surface tension to prevent collapse

Answer

Pulmonary surfactant reduces surface tension at the air-liquid interface in alveoli, preventing alveolar collapse (atelectasis) at end-expiration.

Question 5

The hepatic portal vein in dogs drains blood from which set of organs before delivering it to the liver?

Accepted Answer

Gastrointestinal tract, spleen, and pancreas

Answer

The hepatic portal vein collects nutrient-rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, and pancreas and delivers it to the hepatic sinusoids for processing.

BCSE - Basic and Clinical Sciences Examination Practice Test

BCSE - Basic and Clinical Sciences Examination Practice Test

BCSE Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology 5