Free BCSE Pathology Questions and Answers — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which histological feature best describes chronic inflammation?
- Tissue destruction
- Neutrophil infiltration
- Plasma cell infiltration (Correct answer)
- Macrophage infiltration
Correct answer: Plasma cell infiltration
The invasion of mononuclear cells, especially macrophages and lymphocytes, including plasma cells, is a hallmark of chronic inflammation.
Question 2: What distinguishing characteristic of acute tubular necrosis is it?
- Waxy casts in urine
- Hyaline casts in urine
- Granular casts in urine (Correct answer)
- Fatty casts in urine
Correct answer: Granular casts in urine
Granular casts in the urine are indicative of acute tubular necrosis (ATN), which is caused by the sloughing off of necrotic renal tubular epithelial cells.
Question 3: What is the main pathogenic mechanism that causes diabetes mellitus type 1?
- Autoimmune destruction of beta cells (Correct answer)
- Dysfunction of alpha cells
- Insulin resistance
- Excessive glucagon secretion
Correct answer: Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
Insulin insufficiency is the outcome of the autoimmune death of pancreatic beta cells in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Question 4: Which of the following best describes the histology of Alzheimer's disease?
- Rosenthal fibers
- Neurofibrillary tangles (Correct answer)
- Lewy bodies
- Pick bodies
Correct answer: Neurofibrillary tangles
Neurofibrillary tangles, intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.
Question 5: What causes emphysema in the first place?
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (Correct answer)
- Silicosis
- Chronic bronchitis
- Asthma
Correct answer: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
In addition to being primarily brought on by cigarette smoking, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can also cause emphysema by promoting unopposed protease activity and damaging alveolar tissue.
Question 6: Which kidney stone kind is most prevalent among the following?
- Struvite
- Calcium oxalate (Correct answer)
- Uric acid
- Cystine
Correct answer: Calcium oxalate
The most prevalent kind of kidney stone is calcium oxalate, which usually develops as a result of elevated calcium or oxalate levels in the urine.
Question 7: Which virus on this list is linked to cervical cancer?
- Human papillomavirus (Correct answer)
- Hepatitis B virus
- Herpes simplex virus
- Epstein-Barr virus
Correct answer: Human papillomavirus
Cervical cancer growth is highly correlated with HPV infection, especially with high-risk strains like HPV-16 and HPV-18.
Question 8: Which of the following describes Crohn's disease characteristically?
- Transmural inflammation
- Pseudopolyps
- Continuous involvement of the colon
- Skip lesions (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Skip lesions
Skip lesions, or sections of damaged intestine dotted with segments of healthy bowel, are representative of Crohn's disease.
Question 9: What is a major histological characteristic of thyroiditis caused by Hashimoto's?
- Oncocytic cells
- Hürthle cells (Correct answer)
- Warthin-Finkeldey cells
- Reed-Sternberg cells
Correct answer: Hürthle cells
Hürthle cells, which are larger follicular cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, are indicative of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Question 10: In rheumatoid arthritis, which of the following is the main site of inflammation?
- Articular cartilage
- Tendons
- Synovium (Correct answer)
- Bone marrow
Correct answer: Synovium
The main cause of rheumatoid arthritis is inflammation of the synovium, which can result in synovial hyperplasia and the eventual decomposition of bone and cartilage.
Question 11: What characteristic is present in a sickle cell anemia patient's blood smear during a vaso-occlusive crisis?
- Sickled red blood cells (Correct answer)
- Howell-Jolly bodies
- Target cells
- Heinz bodies
Correct answer: Sickled red blood cells
Because of their unusual form and higher adhesiveness, sickled red blood cells stand out in a blood smear during a vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell anemia.
Free BCSE Pathology Questions and Answers
Which histological feature best describes chronic inflammation?