BCSE Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology 4

Question 1

Which cell type in the gastric mucosa of dogs and cats secretes hydrochloric acid?

Accepted Answer

Parietal (oxyntic) cells

Answer

Parietal (oxyntic) cells secrete hydrochloric acid via H+/K+-ATPase pumps, creating the highly acidic gastric environment needed for protein digestion.

Question 2

The annular ligament of the radius stabilizes which joint in domestic animals?

Accepted Answer

Proximal radioulnar joint (elbow)

Answer

The annular ligament encircles the radial head, holding it against the ulna at the proximal radioulnar joint and maintaining elbow stability.

Question 3

In mammals, which region of the nephron is primarily responsible for active sodium reabsorption driven by Na+/K+-ATPase on the basolateral membrane?

Accepted Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer

The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs approximately 65–70% of filtered sodium via Na+/K+-ATPase on the basolateral surface, with other solutes following osmotically.

Question 4

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle in mammals?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Acetylcholine is released from motor neuron terminals and binds nicotinic receptors on the motor end plate, initiating muscle contraction.

Question 5

In horses, the 'stay apparatus' of the hindlimb locks the stifle and hock in which position, allowing standing sleep?

Accepted Answer

Extended

Answer

The reciprocal apparatus and stay apparatus lock the stifle and hock joints in extension with minimal muscular effort, enabling horses to sleep standing up.

BCSE - Basic and Clinical Sciences Examination Practice Test

BCSE - Basic and Clinical Sciences Examination Practice Test

BCSE Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology 4