BCSE Pathology 2

Question 1

A 55-year-old man presents with progressive dysphagia. Biopsy shows squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Which risk factor is most strongly associated with this tumor in the US?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol and tobacco use

Answer

Alcohol and tobacco use are the strongest risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, particularly in the US.

Question 2

Which type of necrosis is characteristically seen in caseous granulomas of tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Caseous necrosis

Answer

Caseous necrosis is the hallmark of tuberculosis granulomas, appearing as soft, cheese-like amorphous debris.

Question 3

A patient develops a pulmonary embolism 5 days after orthopedic surgery. The embolus most commonly originates from which site?

Accepted Answer

Deep veins of the lower extremity

Answer

Deep veins of the lower extremity (particularly the femoral and iliac veins) are the most common source of pulmonary emboli.

Question 4

A 40-year-old woman with SLE develops diffuse glomerulonephritis. Immunofluorescence shows a 'full-house' pattern. Which class of lupus nephritis does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Class IV

Answer

Class IV (diffuse proliferative) lupus nephritis shows the most severe histologic changes and the 'full-house' immunofluorescence pattern with IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C1q.

Question 5

Metaplasia of the esophageal squamous epithelium to intestinal-type columnar epithelium secondary to chronic GERD is called:

Accepted Answer

Barrett esophagus

Answer

Barrett esophagus is the replacement of normal esophageal squamous epithelium with specialized intestinal columnar epithelium due to chronic acid reflux.

BCSE - Basic and Clinical Sciences Examination Practice Test

BCSE - Basic and Clinical Sciences Examination Practice Test

BCSE Pathology 2