BCSE BCSE - Basic and Clinical Sciences Examination Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Questions and Answers 5

Question 1

Which lipoprotein particle is primarily responsible for reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues to the liver?

Accepted Answer

HDL

Answer

HDL mediates reverse cholesterol transport by accepting free cholesterol from peripheral cells and delivering it to the liver for excretion or recycling.

Question 2

Carnitine is essential for fatty acid beta-oxidation because it is required for which specific transport step?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of long-chain acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Answer

Carnitine shuttles long-chain fatty acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane via the carnitine shuttle system so beta-oxidation can occur in the matrix.

Question 3

A newborn presents with cataracts, jaundice, and E. coli sepsis within the first week of life. Which metabolic disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Galactosemia

Answer

Classic galactosemia (GALT deficiency) causes accumulation of galactose-1-phosphate leading to cataracts, liver disease, and predisposition to E. coli neonatal sepsis.

Question 4

Which amino acid is considered conditionally essential during critical illness or injury due to its role in immune function and intestinal integrity?

Accepted Answer

Glutamine

Answer

Glutamine becomes conditionally essential during critical illness as it is rapidly depleted; it fuels enterocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages and helps maintain gut barrier integrity.

Question 5

In Wilson's disease, which mineral accumulates pathologically in the liver, brain, and cornea due to impaired biliary excretion?

Accepted Answer

Copper

Answer

Wilson's disease results from mutations in ATP7B, impairing hepatic copper export into bile and causing toxic copper accumulation in the liver, basal ganglia, and cornea (Kayser-Fleischer rings).

BCSE - Basic and Clinical Sciences Examination Practice Test

BCSE - Basic and Clinical Sciences Examination Practice Test

BCSE BCSE - Basic and Clinical Sciences Examination Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Questions and Answers 5