Preventive Medicine and Public Health Flashcards

In occupational health, the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) represents:

Answer: The maximum airborne concentration to which nearly all workers can be repeatedly exposed without adverse effects

TLVs are guidelines set by ACGIH representing levels for repeated daily occupational exposure without adverse health effects for nearly all workers.

Which vaccine-preventable disease has a global eradication goal as of current WHO targets?

Answer: Poliomyelitis

The Global Polio Eradication Initiative aims to eradicate all wild poliovirus strains, following smallpox as the second human disease to be eradicated.

A number needed to treat (NNT) of 20 means:

Answer: 20 patients must be treated for one to benefit

NNT = 1 / absolute risk reduction; an NNT of 20 means 20 patients must receive treatment for one additional patient to benefit.

The concept of 'primordial prevention' focuses on:

Answer: Preventing disease risk factors from emerging in the first place

Primordial prevention addresses societal and environmental conditions to prevent the emergence of risk factors for disease.

Which study design provides the strongest level of evidence for establishing causation?

Answer: Randomized controlled trial

Randomized controlled trials provide the strongest evidence by randomly assigning subjects to treatment and control groups, controlling for confounding.

The Apgar score assesses newborn status at 1 and 5 minutes after birth using which five criteria?

Answer: Activity, Pulse, Grimace, Appearance, Respiration

The Apgar score uses Activity (muscle tone), Pulse, Grimace (reflex irritability), Appearance (color), and Respiration, scored 0-2 each.

Population-attributable risk (PAR) is most useful for:

Answer: Estimating the public health impact of eliminating a risk factor

PAR estimates how much disease in the total population is attributable to a risk factor and what would be prevented if that factor were eliminated.