Preventive Medicine and Public Health Flashcards

In a randomized controlled trial, allocation concealment is used primarily to prevent:

Answer: Selection bias during enrollment

Allocation concealment prevents those enrolling participants from knowing upcoming treatment assignments, preventing selection bias.

The PRECEDE-PROCEED model in health promotion planning begins with:

Answer: Social assessment and epidemiological diagnosis

PRECEDE begins with social and epidemiological assessment to identify quality of life concerns and health problems before planning interventions.

Which waterborne disease is most associated with groundwater contamination from agricultural runoff containing nitrates?

Answer: Methemoglobinemia (blue baby syndrome)

High nitrate levels in drinking water cause methemoglobinemia in infants, reducing blood oxygen-carrying capacity.

An odds ratio of 1.0 in a case-control study indicates:

Answer: No association between exposure and disease

An odds ratio of 1.0 means the odds of exposure among cases equal the odds of exposure among controls, indicating no association.

The Healthy People initiative in the United States sets national health objectives on a:

Answer: 10-year cycle

Healthy People sets 10-year national health improvement goals, with iterations including Healthy People 2020, 2030, etc.

Which occupational lung disease is caused by exposure to crystalline silica dust?

Answer: Silicosis

Silicosis is a fibrotic lung disease caused by inhalation of crystalline silica, common in mining and sandblasting workers.

The Bradford Hill criterion of 'biological gradient' refers to:

Answer: A dose-response relationship between exposure and disease

Biological gradient means that greater exposure generally leads to greater incidence of disease, supporting causality.