Pathology Flashcards

Which histological feature best describes chronic inflammation?

Answer: Plasma cell infiltration

The invasion of mononuclear cells, especially macrophages and lymphocytes, including plasma cells, is a hallmark of chronic inflammation.

What distinguishing characteristic of acute tubular necrosis is it?

Answer: Granular casts in urine

Granular casts in the urine are indicative of acute tubular necrosis (ATN), which is caused by the sloughing off of necrotic renal tubular epithelial cells.

What is the main pathogenic mechanism that causes diabetes mellitus type 1?

Answer: Autoimmune destruction of beta cells

Insulin insufficiency is the outcome of the autoimmune death of pancreatic beta cells in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Which of the following best describes the histology of Alzheimer's disease?

Answer: Neurofibrillary tangles

Neurofibrillary tangles, intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.

What causes emphysema in the first place?

Answer: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

In addition to being primarily brought on by cigarette smoking, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can also cause emphysema by promoting unopposed protease activity and damaging alveolar tissue.

Which kidney stone kind is most prevalent among the following?

Answer: Calcium oxalate

The most prevalent kind of kidney stone is calcium oxalate, which usually develops as a result of elevated calcium or oxalate levels in the urine.

Which virus on this list is linked to cervical cancer?

Answer: Human papillomavirus

Cervical cancer growth is highly correlated with HPV infection, especially with high-risk strains like HPV-16 and HPV-18.

Which of the following describes Crohn's disease characteristically?

Answer: Skip lesions

Skip lesions, or sections of damaged intestine dotted with segments of healthy bowel, are representative of Crohn's disease.

What is a major histological characteristic of thyroiditis caused by Hashimoto's?

Answer: Hürthle cells

Hürthle cells, which are larger follicular cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, are indicative of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

In rheumatoid arthritis, which of the following is the main site of inflammation?

Answer: Synovium

The main cause of rheumatoid arthritis is inflammation of the synovium, which can result in synovial hyperplasia and the eventual decomposition of bone and cartilage.

What characteristic is present in a sickle cell anemia patient's blood smear during a vaso-occlusive crisis?

Answer: Sickled red blood cells

Because of their unusual form and higher adhesiveness, sickled red blood cells stand out in a blood smear during a vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell anemia.